Laurent Delvaux

Laurent Delvaux (1696, in Ghent – 24 February 1778, in Nivelles) was a Flemish sculptor. After a successful international career that brought him to London and Rome, he returned to the Austrian Netherlands where he was a sculptor to the court. Delvaux was a transitional figure between the Baroque and Neo-classicism.[1]

This article is about the sculptor. For the painter, see Paul_Delvaux. For the film director, see André_Delvaux. For the brand, see Delvaux (company).

Caunus and Byblis, after 1733, Berlin, Bode-Museum
Vertumnus and Pomona

Life

Training

Delvaux probably trained in his native Ghent under the local sculptor J. B. van Helderberghe. At the age of 18 he went to Brussels to study under Pierre-Denis Plumier from Antwerp and attended the local drawing academy.[2]

London

He went to London in 1717 where he collaborated with his compatriot Peter Scheemakers. When they were joined by Plumier in 1721 they worked together on a number of marble funerary monuments, including that of John Sheffield, duke of Buckingham (1721–22, London, Westminster Abbey). After Plumier died soon after his arrival in 1721, Delvaux and Scheemakers are believed to have collaborated with Francis Bird on the marble monument to John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, also in Westminster Abbey.[1] Scheemakers and Delvaux entered into a formal partnership and set up a workshop in Millbank, Westminster, in 1723. Their workshop produced many sober classical monuments and garden statuary after the Antique. The partners sold their stock in the partnership and travelled to Rome in 1728.[3]

Rome

In Rome, Delvaux studied the work of compatriots Giambologna and François Duquesnoy as well as Italian sculpture of the 17th century and of his contemporaries. He keenly admired the sculpture of Classical antiquity and took the opportunity to copy newly discovered pieces. While in Rome, John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, commissioned a number of works inspired by antique examples, most notably Caunus and Byblis. This group is a free version of a sculpture by Pierre Le Gros the Younger of some 20 or so years earlier where Le Gros had deliberately added heads, hands and legs to a fragmented antique group of Amor and Psyche in such a way that it turned the love story on its head and instead of Amor showed Caunus as he vehemently defends himself against the sexual advances of his sister.[4][1]

Return to the Austrian Netherlands
Detail of pulpit in the Saint Bavo Cathedral in Ghent

Upon his return to the Austrian Netherlands in 1733, he became a court sculptor. He also received many religious commissions including the oak group of the Conversion of St Paul dated 1736 (now in the Collegiate Church of St Gertrude in Nivelles). The same church also holds a series of oak statues of the Apostles sculpted by Delvaux in 1743–4. The pulpit (1741–5) in the Saint Bavo Cathedral in Ghent was made by him after a design by Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen. He also made a marble funerary monument for the Van der Noot family in 1746– for the Carmelite Church in Brussels and which is now in the Rijksmuseum.[1]

After Prince Charles de Lorraine arrived in Brussels as the governor general of the Austrian Netherlands in 1741, Delvaux received many commissions for the decoration of the governor general's residences in Brussels, Tervuren (near Brussels) and Mariemont, Belgium in Hainaut. For the palace in Brussels, which survives partially, he created allegorical reliefs for the façade and the staircase and free-standing statues, including a marble Hercules at the foot of the stairs.[1] Delvaux also worked for other European courts such as that of Portugal and for major abbeys like those at Afflighem, Floreffe and Villers. In 1734 he settled in Nivelles.[1]

In addition to monumental work, Delvaux created many excellent models in terracotta.[1]

Many Belgian churches and museums in Brussels and Ghent hold works by him.

Pupils

Among Delvaux's students were the sculptors Gilles-Lambert Godecharle, Pierre-François Le Roy, Laurent Joseph Tamine, Adrien-Joseph Anrion and Joseph Wilton.[1][2] Delvaux's grandson Édouard Delvaux (1806-1862) was a rural painter and a student of Henri Van Assche (1774-1841).

References
  1. Helena Bussers. "Delvaux, Laurent." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 29 April 2014
  2. Laurent Delvaux at the Netherlands Institute for Art History (in Dutch)
  3. Helena Bussers and Ingrid Roscoe. "Scheemakers." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 27 March 2014
  4. Gerhard Bissell, Haud dubiè Amoris & Psyches imagines fuerunt statuæ istæ, in: Max Kunze, Axel Rügler (ed.), Wiedererstandene Antike. Ergänzungen antiker Kunstwerke seit der Renaissance (Cyriacus. Studien zur Rezeption der Antike, Band 1), München 2003, pp. 73-80.

Bibliography
  • Alain Jacobs, Laurent Delvaux, Gand, 1696 - Nivelles, 1778, Paris, Athena, 1999
  • Alain Jacobs, Addenda au catalogue raisonné de Laurent Delvaux, Annales Société royale d'Archéologie d'Histoire et de Folklore de Nivelles, XXXIII, 2016, pp. 17–59.
  • M.E. Tralbaut / Twee onbekende beeldhouwwerken van Laurent Delvaux - In: Brabantia 7(1958), nr. 9, pp. 237–253
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