Landkreis Leobschütz
Landkreis Leobschütz (Leobschütz district) was a Prussian district in Silesia, from 1743 to 1945, with its capital at Leobschütz. Its historical roots lie in the Duchy of Leobschütz.
History
After most of Silesia fell under Prussian rule, King Frederick the Great introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia in 1742 and in Upper Silesia in 1743.[1] In the course of the Prussian Reform Movement, the district of Leobschütz was assigned to Regierungsbezirk Oppeln in the Province of Silesia.[2]
During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in Regierungsbezirk Oppeln, the district boundaries were changed as follows: [3][4]
- The villages of Berndau, Damasko, Gläsen, Kasimir, Schönau, Steubendorf and Thomnitz moved from the Neustadt district to the Leobschütz district.
- The city of Hultschin, the areas of Beneschau and Zauditz and the villages of Autoschowitz, Benenschau, Bielau, Bobrownick, Bolatitz, Boleslau, Boratin, Buslawitz, Chlebsch, Cosmütz, Deutsch Krawarn, Ellgoth, Groß Darkowitz, Groß Hoschütz, Groß Peterwitz, Halsch, Henneberg, Hoschialkowitz, Kauthen, Klein Darkowitz, Klein Hoschütz, Klein Peterwitz, Koblau, Köberwitz, Kranowitz, Kuchelna, Langendorf, Ludgerzowitz, Marquartowitz, Odersch, Owschütz, Peterzkowitz, Pyscha, Ratsch, Rohow, Schammerwitz, Schlausewitz, Schreibersdorf, Schillersdorf, Sczepankowitz, Strandorf, Thröm, Wrbkau, Wrzesin, Zabrzeg and Zawada moved from the Leobschütz district to the Ratibor district.
On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved. The new Province of Upper Silesia was formed from Regierungsbezirk Oppeln. In the Upper Silesia plebiscite held on March 20, 1921, 99.6% of the voters in the Leobschütz district voted for Germany and 0.4% voted for Poland. Consequently, the district remained in Germany in the interwar period. On April 1, 1938, the provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the Province of Silesia. On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again and the province of Upper Silesia was formed, including territories annexed from Poland. In the spring of 1945, the Red Army captured the district and placed it under Polish administration, after which the German population of the district was expelled.
Demographics
The district had a majority German population, with significant Czech and Polish minorities.
| 1828 | 1843 | 1855 | 1858 | 1861 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germans | 45,117 | 77.9% | 55,263 | 79.5% | 58,611 | 80.5% | 61,379 | 81.3% | 64,391 | 81.9% |
| Czechs | 7,760 | 13.4% | 10,166 | 14.6% | 11,038 | 15.2% | 11,567 | 15.3% | 12,428 | 15.8% |
| Poles | 5,060 | 8.7% | 4,090 | 5.9% | 3,151 | 4.3% | 2,572 | 3.4% | 1,775 | 2.3% |
| Total | 57,937 | 69,519 | 72,800 | 75,518 | 78,594 | |||||
Place Names
In 1936, several communities in the Leobschütz district were renamed:
- Badewitz → Badenau
- Boblowitz → Hedwigsgrund
- Dirschkowitz → Dirschkowitz
- Hratschein → Burgfeld
- Jakubowitz → Jakobsfelde
- Kittelwitz → Kitteldorf
- Osterwitz → Osterdorf
- Peterwitz → Zietenbusch
- Thomnitz → Thomas
- Tschirmke → Schirmke
- Waissak → Lindau
- Wanowitz → Hubertusruh
- Wehowitz → Wehen
- Zauchwitz → Dreimühlen
- Zülkowitz → Zinnatal
References
- Gehrke, Roland (2009). Landtag und Öffentlichkeit: provinzialständischer Parlamentarismus in Schlesien 1825-1845 (in German). Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar. ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6.
- "Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz / Amtsblatt für das Rhein-... [618]". www.dilibri.de. Retrieved 2020-12-26.
- "MDZ-Reader | Band | Amtsblatt des Regierungspräsidenten in Oppeln | Amtsblatt des Regierungspräsidenten in Oppeln". reader.digitale-sammlungen.de. Retrieved 2020-12-26.
- "Leobschütz". www.territorial.de. Retrieved 2020-12-26.
- Belzyt, Leszek (1998). Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat: 1815 - 1914 ; die preußische Sprachenstatistik in Bearbeitung und Kommentar. Marburg: Herder-Inst. ISBN 978-3-87969-267-5.