Lake Chippewa

Lake Chippewa was a prehistoric proglacial lake. The basin is now Lake Michigan. It formed about 10,600 years before present (YBP). The lake occupied the depression left by the Michigan Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.[2]

For the lake in Wisconsin, see Lake Chippewa (Wisconsin).
Lake Chippewa
Glacial Lakes Chippewa, Stanley, Early Erie and Early Ontario. Low level lake stages during the end of the Wisconsin Glacial era in North America. Based on Larsen map, 1987.
Lake Chippewa
LocationNorth America
GroupGreat Lakes
Coordinates
Lake typeformer lake
EtymologyChippewa People
Primary inflowsLaurentide Ice Sheet
Primary outflowsGrand River valley in Michigan
Basin countriesCanada
United States
First flooded9,500 years before present
Max. length220 mi (350 km)
Max. width30 mi (48 km)
Residence time7300 years in existence
Surface elevation230 ft (70 m)[1]
ReferencesUnited States Geological Survey, George Otis Smith, Director; The Pleistocene of Indiana and Michigan and the History of the Great Lakes; Frank Leverett and Frank B. Taylor; Department of the Interior, Monographs of the United States Geological Survey; Volume LIII; Washington; Government Printing Office; 1915

Origin
Map of Lake Chippewa's north coast and the Mackinac Channel during the Chippewa Low Water Stage c. 8,000 to 9,500 YBP.

The lake formed from glacial Lake Algonquin as water levels dropped, occupying only the deepest parts of the Lake Michigan basin. The waters drained through the Straits of Mackinac, then across Lake Stanley into either Lake Hough and then to the St. Lawrence River by way of the Ottawa River valley, or through the St. Clair and Detroit rivers to an Early Lake Erie and out the Niagara River towards the St. Lawrence. Around 10,300 YBP, Lake Chippewa’s levels continued to drop, and the basin was a self-contained body of water without an outlet. Levels returned and Lake Chippewa again flowed through the canyon at Mackinac until around 7,500 YBP. At that time, the Nipissing Great Lakes merged with the waters in the Michigan Basin and created a single lake encompassing all three of the upper Great Lakes.

Size

Somewhat smaller than Lake Michigan, Lake Chippewa extended through the most of the Michigan Basin, north to the Straits of Mackinac, where there was a narrow channel which conveyed the lake's outflow over the now submerged Mackinac Falls to Lake Stanley. Its shoreline ranged from 10–30 miles (16–48 km) out from the present day Lake Michigan shore.

See also

References
  1. Glacial Lakes Chippewa and Stanley (Map). Randall Schaetzl, Michigan State University. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
  2. University of Wisconsin, Green Bay, Dept of Geology
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