Lady Abahai

Lady Abahai
Traditional Chinese	孝烈武皇后
Simplified Chinese	孝烈武皇后
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Xiàolièwǔ Huánghòu

Full name
	Ula Nara Abahai; (烏拉那拉阿巴亥)
Posthumous name
	Empress Xiaolie Gongmin Xianzhe Renhe Zantian Lisheng Wu; (孝烈恭敏獻哲仁和讚天儷聖武皇后; 孝烈恭敏献哲仁和赞天俪圣武皇后)

Empress Xiaoliewu
Empress Xiaoliewu
Born	Ula Nara Abahai; (烏拉那拉阿巴亥); 1590; (萬曆十八年); Jilin City
Died	1 October 1626 (aged 35–36); (天命十一年八月十二日); Mukden Palace
Burial	Fu Mausoleum
Spouse	Nurhaci (m. 1601; died 1626)
Issue	Ajige; Dorgon, Prince Ruizhong of the First Rank; Dodo, Prince Yutong of the First Rank
Full name
	Ula Nara Abahai; (烏拉那拉阿巴亥)
Posthumous name
	Empress Xiaolie Gongmin Xianzhe Renhe Zantian Lisheng Wu; (孝烈恭敏獻哲仁和讚天儷聖武皇后; 孝烈恭敏献哲仁和赞天俪圣武皇后)
House	Ula Nara (烏拉那拉; by birth); Aisin Gioro (by marriage)
Father	Mantai

Empress Xiaoliewu (1590 – 1 October 1626), of the Manchu Plain White Banner Ula Nara clan, personal name Abahai, was a consort of Nurhaci. She was 31 years his junior.

Abahai was erroneously identified with Hong Taiji, Nurhaci's eighth son and successor, in earlier sources.

Life

Family background

Father: Mantai (滿泰; d. 1596), held the title of a third rank prince (貝勒)
- Paternal grandfather: Bugan (布干), held the title of a third rank prince (貝勒)
- Paternal uncle: Bujantai (1575–1618), held the title of a third rank prince (貝勒)

Wanli era

In November or December 1601, Lady Ula Nara married Nurhaci, becoming one of his multiple wives. Following the death of Empress Xiaocigao on 31 October 1603, Lady Ula Nara was elevated to Nurhaci's primary consort. She gave birth on 28 August 1605 to Nurhaci's 12th son, Ajige, on 17 November 1612 to his 14th son, Dorgon, and on 2 April 1614 to his 15th son, Dodo.

Tiancong era

Lady Ula Nara was forced to commit suicide on 1 October 1626 by her stepsons (including Hong Taiji) because they feared that she might be a barrier to Hong Taiji's succession.

Shunzhi era

During the early reign of the Shunzhi Emperor, Dorgon served as Prince-Regent for the underage emperor. In 1650, Lady Ula Nara was posthumously elevated to "Empress Xiaoliewu". In 1653, the Shunzhi Emperor revoked Lady Ula Nara's posthumous title.

Titles

During the reign of the Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620):
- Lady Ula Nara (from 1590)
- Secondary consort (側福晉; from November/December 1601[1])
- Primary consort (大福晉; from 1603)
During the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor (r. 1643–1661):
- Empress Xiaoliewu (孝烈武皇后; from 1650–1653)

Issue

As primary consort:
- Ajige (阿濟格; 28 August 1605 – 28 November 1651), Nurhaci's 12th son, granted the title Prince Wuying of the Second Rank in 1636, elevated to Prince Ying of the First Rank in 1644
- Dorgon (多爾袞; 17 November 1612 – 31 December 1650), Nurhaci's 14th son, granted the title Prince Rui of the First Rank in 1636, posthumously honoured as Prince Ruizhong of the First Rank
- Dodo (多鐸; 2 April 1614 – 29 April 1649), Nurhaci's 15th son, granted the title Prince Yu of the First Rank in 1636, posthumously honoured as Prince Yutong of the First Rank

In fiction and popular culture

Portrayed by Eva Lai in The Rise and Fall of Qing Dynasty (1987)
Portrayed by Siqin Gaowa in Xiaozhuang Mishi (2003)
Portrayed by Cheng Lisha in Taizu Mishi (2005)
Portrayed by Tao Huimin in Da Qing Fengyun (2006)
Portrayed by Kara Hui in The Legend of Xiaozhuang (2015)
Portrayed by Chen Xinyu in Rule the World (2017)

Notes

萬曆二十九年十一月

References

Hummel, Arthur W. Sr., ed. (1943). "Abahai". Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office.
Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao) (in Chinese). Volume 214.

Preceded by Dynasty created	Empress of the Qing dynasty (granted posthumously in 1626)	Succeeded by Empress Xiaocigao

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[1] 萬曆二十九年十一月