Laccaria

Laccaria is a genus around 75 species of fungus found in both temperate and tropical regions of the world.[1][2] They are mycorrhizal. The type species is Laccaria laccata, commonly known as the deceiver. Other notable species include L. bicolor, and the amethyst deceiver (L. amethystina), sometimes incorrectly written as L. amethystea. Because some Laccaria species have the ability to grow vegetatively and/or germinate from basidiospores in culture, they are often used as experimental systems for studies of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes.[3] They have a tetraploid mating system, meaning that there are 4 mating types, any two of which can fertilize each other. Recently, the genome of L. bicolor has been sequenced.[4]

Laccaria
Laccaria bicolor
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Agaricales
Family:	Hydnangiaceae
Genus:	Laccaria Berk. & Broome
Type species
Laccaria laccata (Scop.) Cooke
Species
See text

Description

Laccaria typically have thick, widely spaced, purple to flesh-colored gills that are adnate to slightly decurrent in attachment. The spores are white and ornamented in most species.[5]

Selected species

The following is an incomplete list of Laccaria species reported in the literature:

• Laccaria amethysteo-occidentalis
• Laccaria amethystina
• Laccaria alba
• Laccaria angustilamella
• Laccaria aurantia – China[6]
• Laccaria bicolor
• Laccaria fraterna
• Laccaria fulvogrisea – China[6]
• Laccaria gomezii
• Laccaria japonica – Japan[7]
• Laccaria laccata
• Laccaria longipes
• Laccaria maritima
• Laccaria montana
• Laccaria moshuijun – China[7]
• Laccaria nobilis
• Laccaria ochropurpurea
• Laccaria paraphysata
• Laccaria proxima
• Laccaria pseudomontana
• Laccaria purpureobadia
• Laccaria tetraspora
• Laccaria tortilis
• Laccaria vinaceobrunnea
• Laccaria yunnanensis – China[6]

Gallery

• 
  Laccaria amethystina
• 
  Laccaria bicolor
• 
  Laccaria laccata
• 
  Laccaria proxima

References

1. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p. 357. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
2. Mueller GM. (1985). Numerical taxonomic analyses on Laccaria (Agaricales). Mycologia 77: 121-129.
3. Podila GK, Zheng J, Balasubramanian S, Sundaram S, Hiremath S, Brand JH, Hymes MJ. (2002). Fungal gene expression in early symbiotic interactions between Laccaria bicolor and red pine. Plant and Soil 244: 117–128.
4. Martin F, Selosse MA. (2008). The Laccaria genome: a symbiont blueprint decoded. New Phytologist 180(2):296-310.
5. Orr, Dorothy B.; Orr, Robert Thomas (1980). Mushrooms of Western North America (California Natural History Guides). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03660-3.
6. Popa F, Rexer K-H, Donges K, Yang ZL, Kost G (2014). "Three new Laccaria species from Southwest China (Yunnan)". Mycological Progress. 13 (4): 1105–1117. doi:10.1007/s11557-014-0998-7. S2CID 18566097.
7. Vincenot L, Popa F, Laso F, et al. (2017). "Out of Asia: Biogeography of fungal populations reveals Asian origin of diversification of the Laccaria amethystina complex, and two new species of violet Laccaria". Fungal Biology. 121 (11): 939–955. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2017.08.001. PMID 29029701.

External links

• Mueller, Gregory M. (1984). "New North American species of Laccaria (Agaricales)". Mycotaxon. 20 (1): 101–116. (Archived at: CYBERLIBER: an Electronic Library for Mycology.)
• Mueller, Gregory M. (1992). "Systematics of Laccaria (Agaricales) in the continental United States and Canada, with discussions on extralimital taxa and descriptions of extant types". Fieldiana Botany. 30: 1–158. ISSN 0015-0746. (Archived at: Archive.org.)
• Mueller, Gregory M. (1997). "The mushroom genus Laccaria in North America". Archived from the original on 2009-03-17. Field Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2010-12-12.