La Voulte-sur-Rhône (lagerstätte)

The late Middle Jurassic lagerstätte at La Voulte-sur-Rhône, in the Ardèche region of southwestern France, offers paleontologists an outstanding view of an undisturbed paleoecosystem that was preserved in fine detail as organisms died at the site and settled to the bottom of a shallow epicontinental sea, with a folded floor that in places exceeded 200 m at this site. The site preserves a marine system of the Lower Callovian stage, a little over 160 mya. The sequence is exposed in a series of quarries at La Boissine, west of the village of La Voulte-sur-Rhône. Iron pyrites in the silty shale are symptoms of an anoxic environment. The site was recognized among French paleontologists from the mid-nineteenth century for its finely detailed fossils.

La Voulte-sur-Rhône
Stratigraphic range: Callovian
~165 Ma
↓
The mines ravine of the Voulte lagerstätte.[1]
TypeGeological formation
Thicknessabout 100 m (330 ft)
Lithology
PrimaryClaystones and marls
Otherferruginous limestone
Location
Coordinates44°47′58.3″N 4°46′42.4″E
RegionRhône-Alpes,
Ardèche department
CountryFrance
ExtentSeveral historically active
commercial quarries
Type section
Named forLa Voulte-sur-Rhône,
a nearby town
Pyritized fossil of Vampyronassa rhodanica from La Voulte-sur-Rhône

Preservation
Rhomboteuthis lehmani from La Voulte-sur-Rhône

Some soft parts of organisms are preserved as phosphatised concretions, in exceptional cases down to cellular details, e.g. retinal structures in the eyes of conchilyocaridi crustacea.[2] Apart from Beecher's Trilobite Bed and the Hunsrück Slate, La Voulte-sur-Rhône is the only other locality where extensive pyritization of soft parts occurs.[3] However, pyritisation is not the only preservation pathway; several stages of mineralization (originally phosphate followed by calcite or gypsum, then pyrite and finally galena) are seen, each successive mineralization event degrades the detail preserved, with only gross morphological features preserved in the most advanced stages.[4]

Fauna and flora

The fauna preserved can be broadly divided into the allochthonous fauna (consisting of soft-bodied organisms which lived on the sea floor (benthic) or swam freely just above it (nektobenthic)) and the in-situ mortality horizon.

The allochthonous fauna contains rare and well-preserved organisms. Fossils of pycnogonids ("sea-spiders"), the first find in Mesozoic strata in an admittedly very patchy fossil record, were identified in 2007.[5][6] A coleoid cephalopod (a single specimen of a small octopus) was described from La Voulte-sur-Rhône in 1982.[2] The marine crocodile Metriorhynchus, fish, decapod, mysid and thylacocephalan crustaceans, crinoids, ophiuroids (most commonly Ophiopinna elegans)[2] are also to be found.

The in situ mortality horizon consists of abundant pavements of the bivalve Bositra buchi and trace fossils of suspected worm burrows.

Two specimens of plants suggest that a shoreline was not far distant, represented today by France's Massif Central.[2]

References
  1. Location as described in: Sylvain Charbonnier, Jean Vannier, Pierre Hantzpergue, Christian Gaillard. Ecological signif- icance of the arthropod fauna from the Jurassic (Callovian) La Voulte Lagerstätte. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Instytut Paleobiologii, 2010, 55 (1), pp.112. Online: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00551274/document
  2. Etter, Walter (2002), "La Voulte-sur-Rhône: exquisite cephalopod preservation", in David J. Bottjer; Walter Etter; James W. Hagadorn; Carol M. Tang (eds.), Exceptional Fossil Preservation: A Unique View on the Evolution of Marine Life., Columbia University Press, NY, pp. 293–306
  3. Paul A. Selden; John R. Nudds (2005), Evolution of Fossil Ecosystems (PDF), University of Chicago Press, IL, p. 192, ISBN 978-0-226-74641-8, archived from the original (PDF) on July 14, 2011 see page 41
  4. "La Voulte-sur-Rhone" by Sarah Joomun, Dept. of Earth Science, Bristol University
  5. S. Charbonnier; J. Vannier; B. Riou (2007), "Jurassic sea spiders from the La Voulte-sur-Rhône Lagerstätte", Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 274: 2555–61
  6. S. Charbonnier; J. Vannier; B. Riou (2008), "Jurassic sea spiders from the La Voulte-sur-Rhône Lagerstätte" (PDF), Geophysical Research Abstracts, 10
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