La Bastide-l'Évêque

La Bastide-l'Évêque (Occitan: La Bastida-de l'Avesque) is a former commune in the Aveyron department in the Occitanie region of southern France.[2] On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Le Bas-Ségala.[3]

La Bastide-l'Évêque
Part of Le Bas-Ségala
The Fountain in the main Square
Coat of arms
Location of La Bastide-l'Évêque
La Bastide-l'Évêque
La Bastide-l'Évêque
Coordinates: 44°20′29″N 2°08′07″E
CountryFrance
RegionOccitanie
DepartmentAveyron
ArrondissementVillefranche-de-Rouergue
CantonAveyron et Tarn
CommuneLe Bas-Ségala
Area
1
44.16 km2 (17.05 sq mi)
Population
 (2017)[1]
805
 • Density18/km2 (47/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal code
12200
Elevation280–713 m (919–2,339 ft)
(avg. 470 m or 1,540 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Episcopois or Episcopoises.[4]

Geography

La Bastide-l'Évêque is located some 5 km east of Villefranche-de-Rouergue and 20 km south by south-west of Decazeville. Access to the commune is by the D911 which comes from Villefranche-de-Rouergue passing along the south-western border of the commune and crossing the narrow neck in the south as it goes east to Rieupeyroux. Access to the village is by the D69 which branches from the D911 on the western commune border and passes through the village continuing east to rejoin the D911 on the eastern border. The D269 goes north from the village then turns west following the northern border and continuing to Villefranche-de-Rouergue. The D905A branches from the D911 in the south of the commune and goes south-east to La Salvetat-Peyralès. Apart from the village the commune has a large number of hamlets:[5][6]

  • Les Aliberts
  • Baraque de L'Ortal
  • La Baume
  • La Bessiêre
  • La Bouriette
  • Les Cabanelles
  • Cabanes
  • Les Cabayrols
  • Cadour
  • Le Cammas
  • Capredonde
  • Les Cayroux Blancs
  • Cazèles
  • Combe Nègre
  • Les Compans
  • Cruorgues
  • Fournies
  • Le Fraysse
  • Galdou
  • Gaudiês
  • Les Gazanes
  • Ginestous
  • Lascals
  • Laval
  • Lonnac
  • Maloyre
  • Mas de la Borie
  • Le Mazuc de Vézis
  • Montbressous
  • Mousset-Bas
  • Moussousse
  • L'Ortal
  • La Pâle
  • Pont du Cayla
  • Pouzoulet
  • Puech Loup
  • La Rangousie
  • Réquista
  • Le Rieu
  • Roumégous
  • Le Serayol
  • Le Serre
  • Teulières
  • La Vaysse
  • Vézes
  • Le Vialardel

The commune is mostly farmland interspersed with a few forests.

The Aveyron river forms most of the northern border as it flows west to eventually join the Tarn at Meauzac. The Lézert flows north through the commune to join the Aveyron on the northern border. The Verlanson also flows north joining the Lézert south of the village. The Ruisseau de Pouzoulet rises near Les Gazanes and also flows north to join the Aveyron. The Ruisseau de Caral rises in the east of the commune and flows north to join the Aveyron.[5][6]

Toponymy

La Bastide-l'Évêque appears as la Baftide l'Evesque on the 1750 Cassini Map[7] and does not appear at all on the 1790 version although the hamlet of Cadour does.[8]

History

Founded in 1280 by Bishop Raymond de Calmont, La Bastide l'Évêque is one of the five Bastides in western Rouergue with Najac, Sauveterre-de-Rouergue, Villeneuve d'Aveyron, and Villefranche-de-Rouergue. This was the foundation of the Diocese of Rodez on the remains of Morlhon and Faidits to counter the county bastide of Villafranca (Villefranche-de-Rouergue) to limit its population, influence, and development. The bishop granted a charter in 1280 but politically it was a failure and remained a fortified village.

In the 14th century mining was very important with 13 mills called "martinets" operating in the Lézert Valley. They were used to smelt copper and make cauldrons. This activity continued until the end of the 19th century then died for lack of profitability.

Heraldry
Arms of La Bastide-l'Évêque
 Blazon:

Azure, a crozier regardant of Or accompanied in chief of the number s 12 to dexter and 80 to sinister the same, debruised by a lion Argent over the stock of the crozier.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors[9]

Mayors from the French Revolution to 1930
FromToName
17921796Jean-Jacques Cavanhac
17961800François Rouzies
18001812Jean-Jacques Cavanhac
18121843Jean-Baptiste Dardenne
18431848Hyacinthe Garrigues
18481873Charles Dardenne
18731876Julien Alet
18761892Jean-François Rouzies
18921904Louis Antoine Pachin
19041908Jean-Baptiste Bessou
19081912Célestin Garrigues
19121918Henri Blanc
19181930Léopold Gares
Mayors from 1930
FromToName
19301945Théophile Rouzies
19451947Valentin Laval
19471962Firmin Alet
19621977Gaston Lacassagne
19772008André Darres
20082016Jean Eudes le Meignen

Demography

In 2012 the commune had 826 inhabitants.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 260—    
1800 368+5.09%
1806 2,316+35.88%
1821 2,618+0.82%
1831 2,899+1.02%
1836 2,995+0.65%
1841 2,931−0.43%
1846 3,433+3.21%
1851 3,433+0.00%
1856 3,314−0.70%
1861 3,355+0.25%
1866 2,507−5.66%
1872 2,559+0.34%
1876 2,531−0.27%
1881 2,560+0.23%
1886 2,559−0.01%
1891 2,380−1.44%
1896 2,287−0.79%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901 2,362+0.65%
1906 2,074−2.57%
1911 2,062−0.12%
1921 1,596−2.53%
1926 1,593−0.04%
1931 1,546−0.60%
1936 1,518−0.36%
1946 1,408−0.75%
1954 1,318−0.82%
1962 1,223−0.93%
1968 1,132−1.28%
1975 964−2.27%
1982 982+0.26%
1990 921−0.80%
1999 882−0.48%
2007 822−0.88%
2012 826+0.10%
Source: EHESS[10] and INSEE[11]

Economy

The commune is mostly rural with many farms whose business ranges from cattle breeding but mostly sheep. Many tradesmen reside or work in the commune. Some people have chosen to settle in the commune but their occupation is in neighbouring towns like Villefranche-de-Rouergue or Rieupeyroux.

Culture and heritage
The Martinet de la Ramonde
The Church of Saint John the Baptist
The gate tower on the church

Civil heritage
  • A Gallo-Roman Bridge at Cayla
  • The Tower of Cayla
  • The Château de Villelongue at Cabanes. A former fief that belonged to the Adhémar de Monteil family then to the Raffin family
  • The Martinet de la Ramonde
  • The Chateau de Réquista (1630) is registered as an historical monument.[12]
The Chateau de Réquista Picture Gallery
  • The southern side of the Chateau
  • The Chateau Tower
  • The grounds of the Chateau

Religious heritage
  • The Church of Saint John the Baptist, a Romanesque Church from the 13th and 14th century with an imposing gate tower

Notable people linked to the commune
  • Pierre Poujade, politician, died at La Bastide-l'Évêque on 27 August 2003.

Bibliography
  • Christian-Pierre Bedel, preface by Pierre Marty, Riu-Peirós, La Bastida-de-l'Evesque, La Capèla-Bleis, Previnquièiras, Sent-Sauvador, Vabre-Tisac / Christian-Pierre Bedel e los estatjants del canton de Riu-Peiros, Rodez, Mission départementale de la culture, 1999, Al canton, 304 pages, ill., cov. ill. 28 cm, ISBN 2-907279-42-4, ISSN 1151-8375, BnF 37078683w (in Occitan)

See also

References
  1. Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2017, INSEE
  2. La Bastide-l'Évêque on Lion1906
  3. Arrêté préfectoral 6 November 2015
  4. Inhabitants of Aveyron (in French)
  5. La Bastide-l'Évêque on Google Maps
  6. La Bastide-l'Évêque on the Géoportail from National Geographic Institute (IGN) website (in French)
  7. la Baftide l'Evesque on the 1750 Cassini Map
  8. the 1790 Cassini Map
  9. List of Mayors of France (in French)
  10. Données Cassini, EHESS
  11. Populations légales 2012, INSEE
  12. Ministry of Culture, Mérimée PA00094038 Chateau de Réquista (in French)
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