LNER Thompson Class A2/2

The London and North Eastern Railway Class A2/2 was a class of six 4-6-2 steam locomotives rebuilt by Edward Thompson in 1943 and 1944 from his predecessor's P2 Class of 2-8-2 express passenger locomotives. The rebuilds were not particularly successful and all were withdrawn and scrapped between 1959 and 1961.

LNER Thompson Class A2/2
No. 60503 'Lord President' at London King's Cross railway station in 1958
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer Edward Thompson Build date 1934-1936 Total produced 6 Rebuild date 1943-1944
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 4-6-2 Gauge 4 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) Driver dia. 6 ft 2 in (1.880 m) Loco weight 101.5 long tons (103.1 t) Boiler pressure 225 psi (1.55 MPa) Cylinders Three Cylinder size 20 in × 26 in (508 mm × 660 mm)
Performance figures Tractive effort 40,320 lbf (179.35 kN)
Career Operators London and North Eastern Railway British Railways Class A2/2 Power class 8P7F Numbers LNER 501-506 BR 60501-60506 Withdrawn 1959 – 1961 Disposition All scrapped

Background

On taking up office as Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London and North Eastern Railway in April 1941, Edward Thompson proposed an unstreamlined mixed traffic version of Sir Nigel Gresley's A4 class pacifics with 6 ft 2 in (1.880 m) driving wheels, but new construction would not have been authorised at this time.[1] He therefore rebuilt the six of his predecessor P2 Class of 2-8-2 express passenger as pacific locomotives to try out his own thoughts on their design. The P2 Class 2-8-2 had been built between 1934 and 1936 for service between Edinburgh and Aberdeen and had proved to be powerful and capable locomotives. However, the long fixed wheelbase was not ideally suited to the winding route, giving rise to maintenance problems on both the track and the locomotives, notably failure of the crank axle.[1] However, O.S. Nock stated that the P2 class 'rode easily and elegantly around the sharpest curves.'[2] In either event, rather than transfer the locomotives to other duties on the East Coast Main Line south of Newcastle, where this would have been less of a problem, Thompson saw this as a chance to try out his own ideas of locomotive design.[3]

Design

The pony truck and front coupled wheels of the original design were replaced by a newly designed bogie. The boiler barrel was shortened by 2 ft 0.25 in (0.616 m)and a new front end was designed with 20 in × 26 in (508 mm × 660 mm) cylinders. Rather than have all three cylinders driving a single axle Thompson adopted divided drive with the middle cylinder driving the first pair of driving wheels and the outside cylinders the middle pair. However, In order to retain the original three connecting rods of the same length, the outside cylinders were set back behind the bogie, giving the locomotives an ungainly appearance.[4] Thompson also removed the Gresley conjugated valve gear and instead fitted independent sets of Walschaerts valve gear to each cylinder. The first locomotive to be rebuilt at Doncaster Works was No. 2005, Thane of Fife, which was ordered in October 1942 and completed in January 1943. After trials the remaining five P2 locomotives were ordered to be rebuilt in September 1943 and they all appeared in traffic during 1944.[5]

Performance

The new design steamed well and retained much of the power of the P2's. The reduced weight meant they had a high power to weight ratio, and were good at hauling high speed expresses, although in the opinion of O.S. Nock they 'acquired a particularly bad reputation for wild and unsafe riding at high speed!'[6] However, there were other problems which prevented them from ever making an impact on the east coast main line. The first of these was a lack of adhesion causing wheel slip when starting, which meant that they could not be used on the Edinburgh-Aberdeen line for which they had originally been built. The second problem was that of reliability caused by their having been adapted from quite different locomotives. Both the A2/2 and the subsequent A2/3 suffered badly from frame movement, vibration and loose fittings. Using equal length connecting rods, as well as the divided drive meant that the centre cylinder was much further forward than the outside cylinders. During their lifetime in service Earl Marischal was the only A2/2 to cover over one million miles, 360,907 as a P2 and 673,947 as an A2/2. The information in the infobox (right) is taken from Ian Allan ABC.[7]

Withdrawal

No. 60505 'Thane of Fife' in York Locomotive Yard 26 May 1958.

Withdrawals from stock began in 1959 starting with 60505 Thane Of Fife on 10 November 1959. The next A2/2 to be withdrawn was Lord President on 27 November 1959. 60501 Cock o' the North was withdrawn in 1960, while 60504 and 60506 were withdrawn in 1961, with 60502 the last member of the class withdrawn on 3 July 1961.

Year	Quantity in service at start of year	Quantity withdrawn	Locomotive numbers	Notes
1959	6	2	60503/05
1960	4	1	60501
1961	3	3	60502/04/06

Stock list

The LNER/BR stock list was as follows:

Original No.[8]	LNER No. (Intermediate No.)	BR No.	Name	Rebuild Date	Withdrawn	Disposal Date
2001	501	60501	Cock o' the North	September 1944	8 February 1960	28 February 1960
2002	502	60502	Earl Marischal	June 1944	3 July 1961	31 July 1961
2003	503	60503	Lord President	December 1944	27 November 1959	30 November 1959
2004	504	60504	Mons Meg	November 1944	23 January 1961	31 January 1961
2005	505 (994)	60505	Thane of Fife	January 1943	10 November 1959	30 November 1959
2006	506	60506	Wolf of Badenoch	May 1944	4 April 1961	30 April 1961

Models

Apple Green Engines produce a ready-to-run model of the A2/2 in 4 mm scale. PDK, DJH, and Millholme sell 4 mm scale kits of the A2/2. Crownline have also produced a 4 mm scale kit in the past, but this is no longer available.

DJH also sell a kit of the A2/2 for O gauge (7 mm scale).

Hornby have announced that they will produce a number of A2/2 models in their main 00 gauge range, expected late 2020 / early 2021

References

1. Boddy, Neve & Yeadon 1973, p. 143.
2. Nock 1984, p. 111.
3. Allen 1962, p. 96.
4. Allen 1962, p. 97.
5. Boddy, Neve & Yeadon 1973, pp. 144 & 229.
6. Nock 1984, p. 112.
7. Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives, part 4 (Summer 1961 ed.). p. 27.
8. The ABC of L.N.E.R. Locomotives (Renumbering ed.). Ian Allan. 1946.

• Allen, Cecil J. (1962). British Pacific Locomotives. London: Ian Allan.
• Nock, O.S. (1984). British Locomotives of the Twentieth Century Vol. 2 1930-1960. London: Book Club Associates.
• Boddy, M. G.; Neve, E.; Yeadon, W. B. (April 1973). Fry, E. V. (ed.). Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 2A: Tender Engines—Classes A1 to A10. Kenilworth: RCTS. ISBN 0-901115-25-8.
• Yeadon, W. B. (1991). Yeadon's Register of LNER Locomotives, volume 3: Raven, Thompson & Peppercorn Pacifics. Irwell Press.

External links

• The Thompson A2/2 Pacifics LNER Encyclopedia