Kiichi Matsuda

Kiichi Matsuda (松田 喜一, Matsuda Kiichi, December 1, 1887 – July 30, 1968) was a Japanese professor of agriculture who lived in Yatsushiro, Kumamoto, during the Taishō and Shōwa periods. Over 48 years, he taught farming techniques to 3,600 students at Matsuda Farm, his private school, and forty thousand people attended his lectures during that time.[1]

Kiichi Matsuda
Born	December 1, 1887 Uki, Kumamoto, Japan
Died	July 30, 1968
Nationality	Japan
Occupation	Educator
Known for	Education of practical farming to many farmers. Hirohito visited him at his farm in 1949

Life

Early life

Kiichi Matsuda was born in Matsubase, now known as Uki, Kumamoto. After graduation from Kumamoto Farming School in 1905, he worked at the National Farming Experimental Station. He served as a volunteer soldier from 1907–1908. In 1911, he worked at Kumamoto Prefectural Farming Experimental Station, where he devised the Matsuda style of wheat culture, which was used in Kumamoto Prefecture.[2]

Nihon Nōyūkai

In 1918, Matsuda organized Nihon Nōyūkai (Japan Farmers' Association). Seven thousand people attended its inaugural meeting in Kumamoto. In the same year, he started a journal, Nō Yū (Friends of Farming). He left the Experimental Station in 1920 to start a farm in Kuroishibaru, now in Koshi, Kumamoto, but this area eventually proved poorly suited to farming. In 1925, he agreed to build a polder in Yatsushiro at the request of the governor of Kumamoto Prefecture. The following year, it was completed and named Showa Village.

Later life

In 1928 he moved his farm in Kuroishibaru to the polder area of Yatsushiro. He was dispatched to Manchuria in 1932 to investigate its farming. In 1938, a new village was opened in Manchuria. In 1944, he was given the Blue Ribbon Medal for his devotion to agriculture. Emperor Hirohito visited his farm in June 1949, and Matsuda explained farming and products to the Emperor. On July 30, 1968, Matsuda suddenly died during a lecture at age 80.

Matsuda Farm

The life of students at Matsuda Farm was extremely regimented, with morning ceremonies held at 5:00 AM. Kimigayo was sung, and the Flag of Japan raised every day.[3] During the workday, the practice of agriculture continued even as meals, decried for a lack of taste and luxury, were served. Matsuda himself worked for 20 or more hours every day, and was a prolific writer who wrote fifty books.[4] In the spring and autumn months, Matsuda made a series of lectures spanning three days, which were attended by thousands of individuals, at one point reaching 6,500 attendees.[5]

After World War II, Matsuda was investigated by American authorities, since he belonged to the Taisei Yokusankai in 1940,[6] but he was not purged, because he presented food to the Christian women's high school, Yatsushiro Shirayuri Gakuen.[3]

Selected bibliography

• Ideal Farming (1928)
• Profitable Vegetables (1931)
• Lectures on the Soil and Fertilizers (1937)
• The Spirit and Techniques of Farming (1946) [7]
• Increased Production of Rice and Wheat (1948)
• Epoch-Making Production of Wheat (1949,1950)
• Revolutionary Production of Sweet Potatoes (1953)
• Revolutionary Production of Rice (1956)
• Introduction to Breeding of Pigs (1958)
• Consciousness of Farmers in an Industrial Country (1968)[3]

Notes

1. Kumamoto Nichi Nichi [1999]
2. Okamura 1983, p. 70.
3. Sakamoto 1972.
4. Kumamoto Nichi Nichi[1999:17]
5. Sakamoto 1972, pp. 295–96.
6. Sakamoto 1972, p. 491.
7. Sakamoto 1972, pp. 369–489.

References

• Sakamoto, Hiroshi (1972), 昭和の農聖 松田喜一先生 [Saint of Farming of Showa Era] (in Japanese), Kumamoto: Kiichi Matsumoto Story Editing Committee
• Okamura, Yoshiaki (1983), 土の譜 熊本農業50年・人と農協 [Melody of the earth, 50 years of agriculture in Kumamoto Prefecture], Asahi Shuppan
• Koshi Miyakawa (2010), 熊本教育の人的遺産 [Kami of agriculture] (in Japanese), Kumamoto: Retired principals of Kumamoto Prefecture, pp. 34–35
• 松田喜一特集 [Kiichi Matsuda featured], Kumamoto Nichi Nichi Shimbun, 28 June 1999, p. 17