Khalid Ibrahim

Abdul Khalid bin Ibrahim (born 14 December 1946) is a Malaysian politician who served as the 14th Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of the state of Selangor from 2008 to 2014. He was elected to the Selangor State Assembly and the Parliament of Malaysia in 2008 and 2013 as a member of the People's Justice Party (PKR), but became an independent in August 2014, coinciding with his resignation as Menteri Besar. He was sacked from the party for his refusal to vacate his Selangor Menteri Besar post.

Yang Berbahagia Tan Sri Dato' Seri Abdul Khalid Ibrahim PSM SPMS DSAP
Khalid Ibrahim announcing the candidacy of 2007 Ijok by-election.
14th Menteri Besar of Selangor
In office 13 March 2008 – 22 September 2014
Monarch	Sharafuddin Idris Shah
Preceded by	Khir Toyo
Succeeded by	Azmin Ali
Constituency	Ijok Pelabuhan Klang
Member of the Malaysian Parliament for Bandar Tun Razak
In office 8 March 2008 – 9 May 2018
Preceded by	Tan Chai Ho
Succeeded by	Kamarudin Jaffar
Majority	2,515 (2008) 11,832 (2013)
Member of the Selangor State Assembly for Pelabuhan Klang
In office 6 May 2013 – 9 May 2018
Preceded by	Badrul Hisham Abdullah
Succeeded by	Azmizam Zaman Huri
Majority	2,994 (2013)
Member of the Selangor State Assembly for Ijok
In office 8 March 2008 – 5 May 2013
Preceded by	K. Parthiban
Succeeded by	Idris Ahmad
Majority	1,920 (2008)
Personal details
Born	Abdul Khalid bin Ibrahim 14 December 1946 Jeram, Selangor, Malayan Union (now Malaysia)
Citizenship	Malaysian
Political party	United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) (1979–1998, 2017–2018) People's Justice Party (Malaysia) (PKR) (2007–2014) Independent (2014–2017) PAS (2018–present)
Other political affiliations	Barisan Nasional (BN) (1979-1998, 2017-2018) Pakatan Rakyat (PR) (2008-2015) Perikatan Nasional (2020-present) Muafakat Nasional (MN) (2019-present)
Spouse(s)	Salbiah Tunut
Alma mater	University of Malaya University of Queensland
Occupation	Politician
Profession	Businessman, lecturer

Early life and business career

Khalid was born in the village of Kampung Jalan Raja Abdullah in Kuala Selangor district, Selangor. He graduated from the University of Malaya with a Bachelor's Degree in Economics and later obtained an MBA from the University of Queensland.[1]

Khalid began his career as a university lecturer. In 1979 he joined the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the leading party in Malaysia's ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.[2] In the same year, he became the chief executive of the government-controlled fund management firm Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB), a position he held until 1994.[1] In 1981, he became famous for leading the "dawn raid" on the London Stock Exchange, which resulted in PNB gaining a 51% share in British plantation concern Guthrie in less than two hours. He later became the CEO of the Malaysianized Guthrie, now known as Kumpulan Guthrie Bhd, from 1995 to 2003.[1]

Political career

In 2006, Khalid joined the opposition PKR, founded by the former deputy prime minister Anwar Ibrahim, and became the party's treasurer-general. The party selected him as its candidate for a by-election for the Selangor State Legislative Assembly seat of Ijok, which he lost to K. Parthiban of the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), a component party of the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition.[3]

In the 2008 general election, he contested the federal parliamentary seat of Bandar Tun Razak and re-contested the Selangor State Assembly seat of Ijok. He won both seats, while the opposition Pakatan Rakyat coalition made unprecedented gains and took a majority in the Selangor State Assembly. Khalid was appointed as the Menteri Besar of Selangor and was sworn in on 13 March 2008. He was the first person not of the BN coalition to hold the post.[4]

In his first term, Khalid's government implemented a policy of delivering to each Selangor household an initial 20 cubic metres of water each year free of charge. The State Assembly also passed the country's first freedom of information legislation. It was in these areas—social policy and government transparency—that his administration was able to make the most progress. But in some cases, differences between the partners in the governing coalition, which included (the Democratic Action Party (DAP)) and the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)), proved difficult to reconcile.[5] For example, in 2009 Khalid rejected a move by PAS to draft legislation banning the sale of alcohol in Muslim-majority neighbourhoods.[6]

In the 2013 general election, Khalid's Pakatan Rakyat coalition increased its majority in the Selangor State Assembly, winning 44 out of its 56 seats. Though Khalid's PKR won fewer seats than the DAP and PAS, he retained the position of Menteri Besar.[7]

In early 2014, PKR's national leader, Anwar Ibrahim, then a federal parliamentarian, sought to contest the Selangor State Assembly seat of Kajang in a by-election. The so-called "Kajang Move" would have allowed Anwar to oust Khalid as Menteri Besar with PKR's support. Anwar's conviction on a charge of sodomy caused Anwar's wife, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, to take over Anwar's presidency of PKR and the nomination as PKR candidate in the by-election instead, which she won. In July, the party nominated Wan Azizah as its preferred Menteri Besar.[8] The following month, Khalid was expelled from the party after he refused to comply with its direction for him to resign as the state's premier and make way for Wan Azizah.[9] Khalid sacked the PKR and DAP members of Selangor's Cabinet-like Executive Council,[10] and continued to administer the state as an independent assemblyman with the remaining four councillors from PAS.[11] Khalid ultimately resigned on 26 August 2014, as it being clear that he could no longer command the confidence of the State Assembly.[12] He remained in office while Sultan Sharafuddin deliberated on whom to appoint as his replacement, before settling on PKR's deputy president Azmin Ali, who was sworn in on 23 September 2014. After Azmin assumed office, the Sultan praised Khalid for leading the state "successfully and perfectly" and criticised the manner in which he had been ousted from the state's premiership by his own party.[13]

Election results

Selangor State Legislative Assembly[14][15][16]

Year	Constituency	Government		Votes	Pct	Opposition		Votes	Pct	Ballots cast	Majority	Turnout
2007	N11 Ijok		K. Parthiban (MIC)	5,884	59.33%		Abdul Khalid Ibrahim (PKR)	4,034	40.67%	10,052	1,850	81.90%
2008			Abdul Khalid Ibrahim (PKR)	7,196	57.70%		Mohamed Sayuti Said (UMNO)	5,276	42.30%	12,684	1,920	82.01%
2013	N46 Pelabuhan Klang		Abdul Khalid Ibrahim (PKR)	18,591	54.38%		Nasarruddin M Zin (UMNO)	15,597	45.62%	34,835	2,994	87.15%

Parliament of Malaysia[14][15][16]

Year	Constituency	Opposition		Votes	Pct	Government		Votes	Pct	Others		Votes	Pct	Ballots cast	Majority	Turnout
2008	P124 Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur		Abdul Khalid Ibrahim (PKR)	40,334	53.92%		Tan Chai Ho (MCA)	33,467	44.74%					54,995	2,515	75.72%
2013			Abdul Khalid Ibrahim (PKR)	44,067	57.02%		Tan Kok Eng (MCA)	32,235	41.71%		Mohd Sukeri Abd Samat (IND)	793	1.03%	78,157	11,832	85.89%
											Mokhtar Salahudin (IND)	191	0.25%

Honours

Honours of Malaysia

•  Malaysia :
  • Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) - Tan Sri (1998)[17]
•  Selangor :
  • Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (DPMS) - Dato' (1988)[17]
  • Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (SPMS) - Dato' Seri (2009)[17]
•  Pahang :
  • Knight Companion of the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (DSAP) - Dato' (1990)[17]

References

1. "Fact boxes on Ijok (subscription required)". malaysiakini.com. 19 April 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2007.
2. "Sacked from party, Khalid set to join past Selangor MBs who fell from grace". Malaysian Insider. 10 August 2014. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
3. "Khalid is Keadilan's pick for Ijok". The Sun (Malaysia). 18 April 2007. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
4. "Khalid Ibrahim sworn-in as new Selangor Mentri Besar". The New Straits Times. 13 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 March 2008. Retrieved 13 March 2008.
5. Harding, Andrew (2012). "Chapter 5". The Constitution of Malaysia: A Contextual Analysis. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 1847319831.
6. Mazlinda Mahmood (8 August 2009). "Khalid: Alcohol sales to continue". New Straits Times. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
7. "GE13: Pakatan retains Selangor with 44 seats". fz.com. 6 May 2013. Archived from the original on 27 September 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
8. "No surprise as PKR endorses Wan Azizah for Selangor MB post". Malaysian Insider. 22 July 2014. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
9. "Khalid Ibrahim expelled from PKR effective immediately". Astro Awani. 9 August 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
10. Shazwan Mustafa Kamal (12 August 2014). "Khalid flexes muscle, sacks PKR, DAP excos". Malay Mail. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
11. Ruban, A. (20 August 2014). "Selangor MB crisis: PAS exco member throws support behind Khalid". The Star. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
12. Nuradilla Noorazam (26 August 2014). "S'gor Sultan defers Khalid's resignation until Pakatan names more candidates". New Straits Times. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
13. Shazwan Mustafa Kamal (26 September 2014). "Khalid was a wronged man, says Sultan of Selangor in surprising speech". New Straits Times. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
14. "Keputusan Pilihan Raya Umum Parlimen/Dewan Undangan Negeri" (in Malay). Election Commission of Malaysia. Retrieved 4 February 2017. Percentage figures based on total turnout.
15. "Malaysia General Election". undiinfo Malaysian Election Data. Malaysiakini. Retrieved 4 February 2017. Results only available from the 2004 election.
16. "Keputusan Pilihan Raya Umum Parlimen 2013" (in Malay). Election Commission of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
17. "Semakan Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat".