Keokuk Indians

The Keokuk Indians was a primary nickname of the various minor league baseball teams based in Keokuk, Iowa between 1875 and 1962.

Keokuk Indians
1875–1962
(1875, 1885, 1904–1915, 1929–1933, 1935, 1947–1949, 1952–1962)
Keokuk, Iowa
Minor league affiliations
Previous classes
  • Class-D (1904–1915, 1929–1932, 1958–1962)
  • Class-B (1933, 1952–1957)
  • Class-C (1947–1949)
  • Class-A (1935)
Previous leagues
Major league affiliations
Previous teams
Minor league titles
League titles 2 (1931, 1955)
Team data
Previous names
  • Midwest Dodgers (1962)
  • Keokuk Dodgers (1962)
  • Keokuk Cardinals (1958–1961)
  • Keokuk Kernels (1952–1957)
  • Keokuk Pirates (1947–1949)
  • Keokuk Indians (1904–1915, 1929–1933, 1935)
  • Keokuk Hawkeyes (1885)
  • Keokuk Westerns (1875)
Previous parks
  • Joyce Park (1929-1962)
  • Hubinger Park (1904–1915)
  • Sportsman's Park (1885)
  • High Banks Park (1885)
  • Perry Park (1875)
1885 Keokuk, Iowa baseball team featuring Bud Fowler

The 1875 Keokuk Westerns franchise were members of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, a league that directly evolved to become today's Major League Baseball. Keokuk teams also played in the Western League (1885), Iowa League of Professional Baseball Clubs (1904–1907), Central Association (1908–1915), Mississippi Valley League (1929–1933), Western League (1935), Central Association (1947–1949), Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League (1952–1957) and Midwest League (1958–1962)

Keokuk was an affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals (1931–1932), Pittsburgh Pirates (1947–1949), Cleveland Indians (1954–1957), St. Louis Cardinals (1958–1961) and Los Angeles Dodgers (1962).[1]

The 1955 Keokuk Kernels were ranked 30th in The National Baseball Association's top 100 minor league teams. Notable alumni include baseball pioneer Bud Fowler, Roger Maris and Tim McCarver.

The Midwest League Keokuk franchise evolved into today's Midwest League Fort Wayne TinCaps.

History

Baseball in Keokuk started in 1875 when the Keokuk Westerns played in the National Association, a league that directly evolved into today's major League Baseball. On May 4, 1875, the Keokuk Westerns hosted the Chicago White Stockings (present-day Chicago Cubs) and the teams played the first professional baseball game in Iowa.[2]

In 1885, the Keokuk Hawkeyes played one season in the Western League. Bud Fowler played for the Hawkeyes and became the first known African-American to play professional baseball, becoming a pioneer for baseball players.[3]

Early Keokuk Indians teams played as members of the Iowa State League (1904–1907), Central Association (1908–1915), Mississippi Valley League (1929–1933) and the Western League (1935). The Indians were affiliated with the St. Louis Cardinals (1931–1932). The Keokuk Indians won the 1931 Mississippi Valley League Championship after a 73–51 season.[1][4]

From 1947–1949, the Keokuk Pirates played in the Central Association as an affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates, as the league reformed along with 1947 members Burlington Indians, Clinton Cubs, |Hannibal Pilots, Rockford Rox and the Moline A's. The Keokuk Pirates made the playoffs all three seasons of play in the Central Association, losing in the first round in 1947 and 1949. In 1948, Managed by Phil Seghi, Keokuk defeated the Hannibal Pilots 4–1 in the first round playoffs. They were then defeated by the Clinton Cubs 4 games to 0 in the Finals. The Central Association folded after the 1949 season.[5][6]

In 1952, Keokuk joined the Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League, playing as the Keokuk Kernels, a moniker derived from The Hubinger Company, a local corn starch producer. The Keokuk Kernels were an affiliate of the Cleveland Indians (1954-1957) The 1955 Kernels captured the Iowa-Illinois-Indiana League Championship. After a 92-34 regular season, Keokuk defeated the Peoria Chiefs 3–0 in the first playoff series. The Kernels defeated the Burlington Bees 3 games to 1 in the 1955 Finals.[7][8][9]

The 1955 championship team was ranked thirtieth in the All-Time Top 100 Minor League Teams by Minor League Baseball and historians Bill Weiss and Marshall Wright. A year after having Roger Maris on the roster, the 1955 Keokuk Kernels finished with a record of 92–34 in the Three-I League. Their Manager was former Indiana University Manager Pinky May and the team had several players who made Major League teams, notably Mudcat Grant and Russ Nixon. Finishing 22 games ahead of runner up Waterloo White Hawks, Keokuk's .730 winning percentage was the highest in the last 50 years. Despite their great record, the Kernels drew 39,179 fans for the 1955 season.[10][11][12]

In 1957, prisoners at the Iowa State Penitentiary in Fort Madison, Iowaa formed a team called the Fort Madison Prison Chiefs. The Chiefs played the Keokuk Kernels at Joyce Field in an exhibition. The spirit of the game was so successful, Keokuk played inside the prison the next season.[13][14]

In 1958, the Mattoon Phillies franchise relocated to Keokuk, with the franchise becoming members of the Midwest League. The franchise became the Keokuk Cardinals, playing as a St. Louis Cardinals afiliate (1958–1961). Keokuk became a Los Angeles Dodgers affiliate in 1962. The Keokuk Dodgers were moved by the Midwest League to Dubuque, Iowa on August 2, 1962 and were renamed the Midwest Dodgers for the duration of the 1962 season.[1][15][16][17]

After the 1962 season, the franchise moved from Dubuque to become the Wisconsin Rapids Twins. Today, the franchise has evolved into the Fort Wayne TinCaps of the Midwest League.[18][15]

Home plate microphone

In 1958, the team placed a hidden live microphone under the home plate at Joyce Park. This was done to broadcast the players' live talking over the PA system during a game. The microphone could reportedly pick up conversations within 30 feet. The first usage was on May 16, 1958. However, foul language led to discontinuing the use of the microphone after the 1958 season. Magazines Grit (June 1, 1958) and Popular Science (August 1958) had stories on the microphone usage in Keokuk.[7][19][20]

The ballparks

The Keokuk teams of 1929–1933, 1935, 1947–1949 and 1955–1962 played at Joyce Park. The ballpark dimensions were (LF-CF-RF): 320-381-265 (1961) and 306-385-345 (1962). Joyce Park had a capacity of 3,500 (1962). On September 9, 1931 the Indians played an exhibition game at Joyce Park against the St. Louis Cardinals squad, nicknamed the Gashouse Gang. Joyce Park was named after Thomas H. Joyce, Sr., who bought the Keokuk Baseball Park and donated it to the city. The address was 3001 Main Street, Keokuk, Iowa.[7][21][22]

Keokuk Indians teams of 1904-1915 played at Hubinger Park. It was located at North 15th Street & Grand Avenue. The name derived from its location behind the J. C. Hubinger Mansion at Rand Park.[23]

The 1885 Omaha/Keokuk Hawkeyes team of the Western League played at Sportsman's Park located at 15th Street & Palean Street. Due to a law against Sunday baseball, the 1885 team would take a ferry across the Mississippi River to Illinois and play at High Banks Park on Sundays.[24][25][26][27][28]

The 1875, the Keokuk Westerns played at Perry Park, which was located in a field adjoining Rand Park. Rand park is still in existence today and is located at North 17th Street & Park Land, Keokuk, Iowa, 52632.[29][2][30]

Notable Keokuk alumni

Notable Keokuk franchise alumni included: Roger Maris, who hit 61 Home runs in 1961 and was 2-time AL Most Valuable Player; Bud Fowler, the earliest known African-American player in organized professional baseball; All-Star player and announcer Tim McCarver; World Series hero Jesse Barnes; Chautauqua Sports Hall of Fame inductee Ray Caldwell; All-Star Mudcat Grant; Five time MLB All-Star Gus Bell and future MLB Manager Russ Nixon. Announcer Brent Musburger was first an umpire and worked behind the plate for McCarver's first professional game.[31][32]

Cincinnati Reds All-Star Outfielder Gus Bell, 1953
Roger Maris with Mickey Mantle, 1961

References
  1. "Keokuk, Iowa Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  2. Steve Dunn (June 12, 2015). "Keokuk, Montrose significant to Iowa baseball". Daily Gate City. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  3. "Breaking Barriers". Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  4. "Mississippi Valley League - BR Bullpen". www.baseball-reference.com.
  5. "Keokuk Pirates - BR Bullpen". www.baseball-reference.com.
  6. "Central Association - BR Bullpen". www.baseball-reference.com.
  7. "The History of Keokuk, Iowa Baseball". www.keokuk.net.
  8. "Three-I League - BR Bullpen". www.baseball-reference.com.
  9. "Keokuk Kernels - BR Bullpen". www.baseball-reference.com.
  10. Brad Cameron (August 13, 2004). "Remembering the Keokuk Kernels 1955 team considered one of best minor league teams of all-time". Daily Gate City. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  11. Top 100 Minor League Baseball Teams Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  12. "Top 100 Teams". MiLB.com. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  13. "Rehabilitating In Prison". Play Ball! Baseball in the Heartland.
  14. [email protected], Chris Faulkner. "Keokuk man shares history of sports in Lee County". Daily Gate City.
  15. "Midwest League History: 1960-1969 | MWLguide.com". www.mwlguide.com.
  16. "Keokuk Dodgers - BR Bullpen". www.baseball-reference.com.
  17. "Midwest Dodgers - BR Bullpen". www.baseball-reference.com.
  18. "Midwest League History | MWLguide.com". www.mwlguide.com.
  19. "Look back at Keokuk minor league teams from 1947-62". Daily Gate City. August 13, 2004. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  20. Steve Smith. The Keokuk Cardinals, 1958-1961. [Retrieved July 3, 2018]. SABR.
  21. "Joyce Park in Keokuk, IA history and teams on StatsCrew.com". www.statscrew.com.
  22. https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/park.cgi?id=IA025
  23. "Hubinger Park in Keokuk, IA history and teams on StatsCrew.com". www.statscrew.com.
  24. https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/park.cgi?id=IA023
  25. 1885 Western League Keokuks Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  26. The History of Keokuk Baseball Website Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  27. https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/park.cgi?id=IA024
  28. "High Banks Park in Keokuk, IA history and teams on StatsCrew.com". www.statscrew.com.
  29. "1875 Keokuk Westerns Roster on StatsCrew.com". www.statscrew.com.
  30. "Rand Park – Keokuk, Iowa — Iowa Tourism". www.iowabeautiful.com.
  31. "Ray Caldwell Minor Leagues Statistics & History". Baseball-Reference.com.
  32. Dave Williams. "Tim McCarver". Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
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