Kenneth M. Watson

Kenneth Marshall Watson (born September 7, 1921) is a theoretical physicist and physical oceanographer.[3]

Kenneth M. Watson
Born	September 7, 1921 Des Moines, Iowa
Nationality	American
Alma mater	Iowa State University University of Iowa
Known for	Watson-Lepore renormalization coupling constant[1]
Awards	Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award[2]
Scientific career
Fields	theoretical physics; oceanography
Institutions	University of California, Berkeley University of California, San Diego
Doctoral advisor	Josef-Maria Jauch

Watson graduated in 1943 with BS in electrical engineering from Iowa State College. From 1943 to 1946 he was a researcher at the United States Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C.[4] During his work for the U.S. Navy he went to night school at George Washington University.[5] He graduated from the University of Iowa with Ph.D. in 1948 with thesis The polarizability of the meson-charge cloud of a neutron in an external electrostatic field. He was from 1948 to 1949 an Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study and from 1949 to 1951 an AEC Fellow at the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory. He was from 1951 to 1954 an assistant professor of physics at Indiana University and from 1954 to 1957 an associate professor of physics at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. In 1953 he was elected a fellow of the American Physical Society. From 1957 to 1981 he was a staff member of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, as well as a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1974 he was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences. From 1981 to 1991 he was the director of the Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, as well as a professor of physical oceanography at the University of California, San Diego. In 1991 he retired as professor emeritus.[4] His doctoral students include Shang-keng Ma.[6]

Watson was an advisor to various United States organizations associated with the United States Department of Defense. In 1959 he worked with Marvin L. Goldberger, Keith Brueckner, and Murray Gell-Mann to join John A. Wheeler, Charles H. Townes, and others in forming the JASON group of government advisors. Watson remained in JASON until 1998. In 1971 he, with four others, formed the company Physical Dynamics, Inc. and then remained on the board of directors until 1981.[5]

He did research in the early 1950s on nuclear and pi meson physics, as well as quantum mechanical collision processes, and in the late 1950s on plasma physics and controlled nuclear fusion.[5]

To quote Watson:

In the mid-1960s I began a series of investigations, in collaboration with M. L. Goldberger of the observation of “entangled” quantum mechanical systems. We were concerned with sequential measurements and interference effects for correlated systems.[5]

Watson did research in the early 1970s on atomic and molecular scattering and in the late 1970s on fluid mechanics related to oceanography. He worked in the early 1980s on applying methods of statistical mechanics to internal wave turbulence and in the early 1990s on analyzing the coupling of surface and internal gravity waves.[5]

To quote Watson:

In the mid 1990s my interest in nonlinear classical mechanics and ocean surface waves led to a study of capillary waves (few centimeter wavelengths) interacting with longer waves (10 cm to a meter wavelengths).[5]

Ocean surface wave dynamics can be formulated as nonlinear interactions among a set of harmonic oscillators. The Hamiltonian formulation of this is mathematically very similar to the equations of classical and quantum mechanical field theory that I had encountered at the beginning of my career. I developed a canonical transformation technique which greatly simplified numerical integration of the equations. Calculations of the “long wave effect” agreed with observations of the radar scattering.[5]

He married in 1946 and is the father of two sons.[5] His father was Louis Erwin Watson (1884–1957) and his mother was Irene Marshall Watson (born 1886 in Roanoke, Illinois).

Selected publications

• with M. L. Goldberger: Collision Theory. Wiley. 1964.[7] 2004 Dover reprint of corrected 2nd edition, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 1975
• with John W. Bond and Jasper A. Welch: Atomic Theory of Gas Dynamics. Addison-Wesley. 1965.[8]
• with John Nuttall[9] and John Stephen Roy Chisholm: Topics in Several Particle Dynamics. Holden-Day. 1967.[10]
• with Roger F. Dashen, Walter H. Munk, and Fredrik Zachariasen: Sound Transmission Through a Fluctuating Ocean. Cambridge University Press. 1979. 2010 pbk reprint

References

1. Watson, K. M.; Lepore, J. V. (October 1949). "Radiative corrections to nuclear forces in the pseudo scalar meson theory". Phys. Rev. 76 (8): 1157–1163. Bibcode:1949PhRv...76.1157W. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.76.1157.
2. "Kenneth M. Watson Presented with the Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award by Marquis Who's Who". 24-7press-release.com. 16 August 2019.
3. "Kenneth M. Watson". Member Directory, National Academy of Sciences.
4. "Kenneth M. Watson". American Institute of Physics.
5. "Autobiographical Note: Kenneth M. Watson" (PDF). Science Library, University of California, San Diego. 8 January 2004.
6. Chen, Joseph C. Y.; Prentis, Jeffrey; Schultz, Sheldon (1984). "Shang‐keng Ma". Physics Today. 37 (4): 102–103. Bibcode:1984PhT....37d.102C. doi:10.1063/1.2916178. ISSN 0031-9228.
7. Weiss, George (November 1964). "Review of Collision Theory by Marvin L. Goldberger and Kenneth M. Watson". Physics Today. 17 (11): 69. doi:10.1063/1.3051231.
8. Shuler, Kurt E. "Review of Atomic Theory of Gas Dynamics by J. W. Bond, K. M. Watson, and J. A. Welch". Physics Today. 19 (1): 114–115. doi:10.1063/1.3047917.
9. "Brief Biography of John Nuttall". publish.uwo.ca. John Nuttall received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge in 1961 with advisor Richard John Eden, OBE.
10. Amado, Ralph D. (19 Apr 1968). "Review of Topics in Several Particle Dynamics by K. M. Watson and J. Nuttall, with a chapter by J. S. R. Chisholm". Science. 160 (3825): 297. doi:10.1126/science.160.3825.297-a.