Kangaroo paw

Kangaroo paw is the common name for a number of species, in two genera of the family Haemodoraceae, that are endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. These rhizomatous[1] perennial plants are noted for their unique bird-attracting flowers. The tubular flowers are coated with dense hairs and open at the apex with six claw-like structures, and it is from this paw-like formation that the common name "kangaroo paw" is derived.[2]

aspect of a Anigozanthos manglesii showing the characteristic of the plant from which its name is derived
Anigozanthos flavidus
Macropidia fuliginosa

The kangaroo paw plant has been introduced into Japan and has been grown as a new ornamental crop mainly in Okinawa Island under a subtropical climate.[3]

History

The genus Anigozanthos' author was French botanist Jacques-Julien Houtou de Labillardière, who first collected the Kangaroo Paw in 1792 near Esperance. Red and green kangaroo paw was introduced to England in 1833, and was first described in 1836 by botanist David Don. The specific name manglesii is so named in honour of the first individual to raise the specimen from seed, Robert Mangles, which he did in his English garden. His experience with growing the specimen is recorded in letters to his brother James Mangles.[4]

The red and green kangaroo paw was adopted as the state emblem of Western Australia in a proclamation on 9 October 1960.[5] An image of red and green kangaroo paw was superimposed onto a view of Perth from a distance on a 5 pence stamp, issued 1 November 1962, commemorating the Seventh British Empire and Commonwealth Games which were in that year held in Perth. The stamp was designed by R. M. Warner. The red and green kangaroo paw was again included on a stamp on 10 July 1968, which were six cent stamps in a series of state floral emblems. It was designed by Nell Wilson.[4]

In 1990, disease was found on the kangaroo paw plant in Okinawa. The unreported fungi, which associated the plant becoming very limp and wilt, was characterised by a discolouration of the plant leaving it a brown to black colour around the stalks, leaves and base of the plant. As the plant began to discolour over time, white cottony mycelia started to appear at the surface of the lesions and then the plant eventually died.[3]

Cultivation and Cut Flowers

The plant is native to south-western Australia, occurring naturally from the Murchison River in the North to Busselton and Mount Barker in the South, and Lake Muir to the East. It has been developed as a cut-flower crop in the United States, Israel and Japan. In Israel, plants are propagated from tissue culture imported from Australia and are then grown in unheated greenhouses in natural day conditions.[6] The plants have found their way to California and become popular among garden supply businesses there.[7]

Research

Research leading up to 2020 has been able to produce many new colours for the Kangaroo paw including blues, purples, whites, and many more. This has lead to genetic research and DNA sequencing similar to that carried out on Snapdragons to understanding the colours of the flower.[8] Other research has been conducted that indicates the spores from the plant could regenerate and reactive skin firmness as it targets the young cells at the source with increased collagen output.[9]

Classification

From the genus Anigozanthos:

From the genus Macropidia:

See also
smaller in statue the Anigozanthos humilis is known as the cats paw

Additional species in the genus Anigozanthos exist. They resemble kangaroo paws, however, they are instead known as "cat's paws":

References
  1. Churchill, Jennie (9 May 2003). "Fact Sheet: Kangaroo Paws". Gardening Australia. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  2. "THE KANGAROO PAW". Bridgetown Advocate. IXX (1020). Western Australia. 12 July 1946. p. 3 (MODERN WEEKLY news magazine). Retrieved 27 September 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
  3. Satou, Ichinoe, Fukumoto, Tezuka, & Horiuchi. (2001). Fusarium blight of kangaroo paw (anigozanthos spp.) caused by fusarium chlamydosporum and fusarium semitectum.Journal of Phytopathology, 149(3‐4), 203-206. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0434.2001.00588.x
  4. "Red and Green Kangaroo Paw". Australian National Herbarium. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  5. "Floral Emblems of Australia Proclamation". Australian National Herbarium. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  6. Tsror (Lahkim), L., Hazanovsky, M., Mordechai‐Lebiush, S., Ben‐David, T., Dori, I., & Matan, E. (2005). Control of root rot and wilt caused by pythium myriotylum in kangaroo paw (anigozanthos). Journal of Phytopathology, 153(3), 150-154. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.2005.00944.x
  7. "San Marcos Growers >Kangaroo Paws Jump Into California Gardens". www.smgrowers.com. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  8. "A rainbow of colours possible as secrets of the kangaroo paw are unlocked". www.abc.net.au. 3 October 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  9. "The Day Salon 2018 March". Retrieved 12 April 2019.
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