Jurellana

Jurellana tithonia, the only species in the genus Jurellana, is a fossil crab. It was found in limestone rocks from the Ernstbrunn Formation in Austria, which have been dated to the Tithonian (late Jurassic). It was originally thought to be the world's oldest porcelain crab, but was later determined to actually be a true crab.

Jurellana tithonia
Temporal range: Tithonian
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Subphylum:
Crustacea
Class:
Malacostraca
Order:
Decapoda
Infraorder:
Brachyura
Superfamily:
Homolodromioidea
Family:
Jurellanidae
Genus:
Jurellana

Schweitzer & Feldmann, 2010
Species:
J. tithonia
Binomial name
Jurellana tithonia
Schweitzer & Feldmann, 2010

Taxonomy and stratigraphy

Jurellana tithonia was described in 2010 by palaeontologists Carrie Schweitzer and Rodney Feldmann, as the only species in the genus. The genus' name was based on the name of the type genus of the porcelain crabs, Porcellana, and the word Jurassic. The specific epithet tithonia also refers to the age during which the animal lived – in this case, the Tithonian.[1] The type specimens were discovered near Ernstbrunn, Lower Austria, and are now held at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna. The rocks that contained the specimens have been dated to the Tithonian based on the ammonites they contain; they also contain a number of crabs.[2] This makes Jurellana the oldest known porcelain crab.[1] However, a 2019 study found it to be a true crab instead, belonging to the new family Jurellanidae along with the newly described genus Ovalopus.[3]

Description

Two specimens of Jurellana tithonia are known, one considerably larger than the other. The larger one has a carapace 10.8 mm (0.43 in) long and 9.8 mm (0.39 in) wide, with a distance between the orbits of the eyes of 7.8 mm (0.31 in). The smaller specimen has a carapace 4.0 mm (0.16 in) long and 4.0 mm (0.16 in) wide, and orbits 3.4 mm (0.13 in) apart.[1] J. tithonia differs from other porcelain crabs in that its rostrum, rather than extending forwards from the front of the carapace, is turned 90° downwards.[1] It is 5.4 mm (0.21 in) wide in the larger specimen, and 2.2 mm (0.087 in) wide in the smaller specimen.[1] The appendages of the animal have not been preserved in either specimen.[1]

References
  1. Carrie E. Schweitzer & Rodney M. Feldmann (2010). "Earliest known Porcellanidae (Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheoidea) (Jurassic: Tithonian)" (PDF). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 258 (2): 243–248. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0096.
  2. Carrie E. Schweitzer & Rodney M. Feldmann (2009). "New species of Longodromitidae Schweitzer and Feldmann, 2009, from the Ernstbrunn Formation, Late Jurassic (Tithonian), Austria" (PDF). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. 117A: 207–224.
  3. Robins, Cristina M; Klompmaker, Adiël A (2019-11-14). "Extreme diversity and parasitism of Late Jurassic squat lobsters (Decapoda: Galatheoidea) and the oldest records of porcellanids and galatheids". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 187 (4): 1131–1154. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz067. ISSN 0024-4082.
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