Joro toxin

Joro spider toxin (joro toxin, JSTX) - a toxin which was originally extracted from the spider Nephila clavata venom. The compound has demonstrated the ability to selectively block postsynaptic glutamate potentials, AMPA glutamate receptors, and to antagonise the effect of NMDA receptors in the CNS of vertebrates. However, it does not affect aspartate-induced neural depolarization, resting membrane potential, nerve terminal spontaneous signalling, or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.

Joro toxin

Names
IUPAC name N1-{5-[(N-{4-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]butyl}-β-alanyl)amino]pentyl}-N2-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetyl]-L-aspartamide
Other names Joro Spider toxin
Identifiers
CAS Number	112163-33-4
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:245409
ChEMBL	ChEMBL119582
ChemSpider	106778
ECHA InfoCard	100.217.900
IUPHAR/BPS	4229
KEGG	C13931
PubChem CID	119582
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID50149933
InChI InChI=1S/C27H47N7O6/c28-10-6-13-30-11-4-5-12-31-16-9-25(38)32-14-2-1-3-15-33-27(40)22(19-24(29)37)34-26(39)17-20-7-8-21(35)18-23(20)36/h7-8,18,22,30-31,35-36H,1-6,9-17,19,28H2,(H2,29,37)(H,32,38)(H,33,40)(H,34,39)/t22-/m0/s1 Key: SJLRBGDPTALRDM-QFIPXVFZSA-N
SMILES O=C(NCCCCCNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)Cc1ccc(O)cc1O)CC(=O)N)CCNCCCCNCCCN
Properties
Chemical formula	C27H47N7O6
Molar mass	565.716 g·mol^−1
Appearance	White-grey powder
Density	1.196 g/cm^3
Boiling point	979.883 °C (1,795.789 °F; 1,253.033 K)
Acidity (pKa)	9.53
Basicity (pKb)	10.573
Hazards
Flash point	546.414 °C (1,015.545 °F; 819.564 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Literature

• Kawai, Nobufumi; Niwa, Akiko; Abe, Takashi (1982). "Spider venom contains specific receptor blocker of glutaminergic synapses". Brain Research. 247 (1): 169–71. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)91044-7. PMID 6127145.
• Shudo, Koichi; Endo, Yasuyuki; Hashimoto, Yuichi; Aramaki, Yoshio; Nakajima, Terumi; Kawai, Nobufumi (1987). "Newly synthesized analogues of the spider toxin block the crustacean glutamate receptor". Neuroscience Research. 5 (1): 82–5. doi:10.1016/0168-0102(87)90026-5. PMID 2829068.
• Jackson, Jaewan; Lee, P.N.R. (1988). "Spider toxins as tools for dissecting elements of excitatory amino acid transmission". Trends in Neurosciences. 11 (6): 278–83. doi:10.1016/0166-2236(88)90112-9. PMID 2465627.
• Saito, Mitsuyoshi; Sahara, Yoshinori; Miwa, Akiko; Shimazaki, Kuniko; Nakajima, Terumi; Kawai, Nobufumi (1989). "Effects of a spider toxin (JSTX) on hippocampal CA1 neurons in vitro". Brain Research. 481 (1): 16–24. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90480-0. PMID 2565131.
• Sahara, Yoshinori; Robinson, Hugh P.C.; Miwa, Akiko; Kawai, Nobufumi (1991). "A voltage-clamp study of the effects of Joro spider toxin and zinc on excitatory synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal cells of the guinea pig hippocampal slice". Neuroscience Research. 10 (3): 200–10. doi:10.1016/0168-0102(91)90057-6. PMID 1677747.
• Kawai, Nobufumi (1991). "Spider toxin and pertussis toxin differentiate post- and presynaptic glutamate receptors". Neuroscience Research. 12 (1): 3–12. doi:10.1016/0168-0102(91)90095-G. PMID 1660989.
• Mueller, Alan L.; Albensi, Benedict C.; Ganong, Alan H.; Reynolds, Linda S.; Jackson, Hunter (1991). "Arylamine spider toxins antagonize NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal slices". Synapse. 9 (4): 244–50. doi:10.1002/syn.890090403. PMID 1662833.