John Percy Lockhart-Mummery

John Percy Lockhart-Mummery FRCS (14 February 1875 - 24 April 1957), was a surgeon at St Mark's Hospital, London, who devised a classification of rectal cancer and described familial polyposis which led to the formation of the polyposis registry.

John Percy Lockhart-Mummery

FRCS
John Percy Lockhart-Mummery[1]
Born14 February 1875
London
Died24 April 1957
Hove
NationalityBritish
EducationThe Leys School
Relatives
Medical career
ProfessionSurgeon
Institutions
Sub-specialtiesOncology, proctology

During his youth he developed sarcoma of his leg, for which Joseph Lister carried out an amputation. He completed his clinical training in 1899 at St George's Hospital, London, and in 1904 was appointed Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons. During the First World War he operated at King Edward VII's Hospital Sister Agnes, where he treated mainly gunshot wounds affecting the colon, rectum and anus. He was the author of six books and his work on colorectal surgery earned him the nickname "King Rectum".

Early life and education

John Lockhart Mummery (later Lockhart-Mummery), was born in London on 14 February 1975 to John Howard Mummery, a dental surgeon, and his first wife Mary Lily. His younger brother Stanley became a dental surgeon.[2] During his youth he developed sarcoma of his leg, for which Joseph Lister carried out an amputation.[3]

He was educated at The Leys School, then Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, passing the first part of the Natural Sciences Tripos in 1897 with second-class honours. Subsequently he took up a post as assistant anatomy demonstrator at Cambridge. He completed his clinical training in 1899 at St George's Hospital, London, where he won the Thompson gold medal and completed resident posts there. In 1900 he gained a Fellowship.[2]

Career

Lockhart-Mummery worked at the North Eastern Hospital for Children at Hackney and at the King Edward VII Hospital for Officers. In 1903 he was appointed to the staff of St Mark's Hospital, London, and when senior surgeon Swinford Edwards retired in 1913, Lockhart-Mummery became senior surgeon.[2]

In 1904 he was Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons, where he spoke on the physiology and treatment of surgical shock and collapse, drawing on his book After-treatment of Operations (1903), which ran into four editions and was translated into a number of languages including Arabic.[2] In 1908 he won the Jacksonian Prize for his essay on diseases of the colon, which he published and expanded on in Diseases of the Rectum and Colon (1923), with a second edition in 1934.[2]

A few days before the start of the First World War, Sister Agnes of King Edward VII Hospital for Officers, drew up a list of honorary staff to treat wounded officers at 9 Grosvenor Gardens without a fee. Lockhart-Mummery became a significant name on the list, and probably carried out more operations at the hospital than any other surgeon there, and treated mainly gunshot wounds affecting the colon, rectum and anus.[4] He removed shell casing from the thigh of Major Horace Sewell, who had been injured in May 1915.[5] When Leonard Tyrwhitt was wounded by a Mauser bullet above his left knee, it was Lockhart-Mummery who removed it. [5] On Armistice Day, he operated twice.[6] His work on colorectal surgery earned him the nickname "King Rectum".[4]

In 1913 he became the first secretary of the British Proctological Society, which in 1939, became a section of the Royal Society of Medicine. In 1921, at the British Medical Association's annual meeting, he became president of the section of proctology and of the section of children's diseases in the Royal Society of Medicine. He co-founded the British Empire Cancer Campaign, in which he remained active for the rest of his life.[7][8]

In 1924 he started the Polyposis Registry with Cuthbert Dukes which kept data on people with inherited multiple polyps, a condition associated with bowel cancer.[9]

He was active in promoting the London International Cancer Conference of 1928 and in 1932, he published the Origin of Cancer.[2] In all he wrote six books.[7]

He retired in 1935, becoming emeritus surgeon to St Mark's, and five years later was appointed consulting surgeon and a vice-president.[2]

Personal and family

Lockhart-Mummery enjoyed fishing, played golf and later bowls. He once won the Dog Derby with one of his greyhounds.[2]

From his first marriage to Cynthia in 1915, he had two sons including Hugh Evelyn Lockhart-Mummery who succeeded him at St Mark's Hospital and was later knighted. His second marriage, in 1932, was to Georgette. Following retirement he moved to Hove.[2]

Death and legacy

To celebrate the centenary of St Mark's in 1935, his Collected Papers, which record his work, were published.[2]

Lockhart-Mummery died in Hove on 24 April 1957.[2]

Selected publications

Articles
  • "The Treatment of Shock and Collapse Following Surgical Operations". The Hospital. 40 (1026): 135–138. 26 May 1906. ISSN 0267-6478. PMID 29821401.
  • "The Hunterian Lectures on the physiology and treatment of surgical shock and collapse". The Lancet. 165 (4255): 696–703. 18 March 1905. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)45741-2. ISSN 0140-6736.

Books
  • After-treatment of Operations (1903)
  • Diseases of the Rectum and Colon (1923) (2nd edition 1934)
  • Origin of Cancer (1932)
  • Collected Papers (1935)
  • After Us (1936)
  • Nothing New Under the Sun (1947)

References
  1. Hough, Richard (1998). Sister Agnes: The History of King Edward VII's Hospital for Officers 1899-1999. London: John Murray. pp. 115-29. ISBN 0-7195-5561-2.
  2. "Lockhart-Mummery, John Percy (1875 - 1957)". livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  3. "Saints and Sinners". The Royal College of Surgeons England Bulletin: 308–309. doi:10.1308/147363513X13690603818381. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  4. Hough, Richard (1998). Sister Agnes: The History of King Edward VII's Hospital for Officers 1899-1999. London: John Murray. pp. 45-56. ISBN 0-7195-5561-2.
  5. Hough, Richard (1998). Sister Agnes: The History of King Edward VII's Hospital for Officers 1899-1999. London: John Murray. pp. 60-66. ISBN 0-7195-5561-2.
  6. Hough, Richard (1998). Sister Agnes: The History of King Edward VII's Hospital for Officers 1899-1999. London: John Murray. pp. 74-86. ISBN 0-7195-5561-2.
  7. Lockhart-Mummery, J. P. (1984). "John Percy Lockhart-Mummery 1875–1957". Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. 27 (3): 208–219. doi:10.1007/BF02555682. ISSN 1530-0358.
  8. Friend's Newsletter (PDF). King Edward VII's Hospital. 2018. pp. 5–6.
  9. "History of the Polyposis Registry". St Mark’s Hospital. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
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