John McArthur Jr.

John McArthur Jr. (1823–1890) was a prominent American architect based in Philadelphia. Best remembered as the architect of the landmark Philadelphia City Hall, McArthur also designed some of the city's most ambitious buildings of the Civil War era. Few of his buildings survive.

Philadelphia City Hall (built 1874-1901). When completed, this was the tallest occupied building in the world, surpassed in height only by the Washington Monument (7 feet / 2.1 meters taller) and the Eiffel Tower (515 feet / 157 meters taller). It remains the world's tallest all-masonry occupied building.
For other people named John MacArthur, see John MacArthur (disambiguation).
John McArthur Jr. (1823–1890)

Career

John McArthur Jr. was born in Bladenock, Scotland, on 13 May 1823,[1] and came to the United States with his family when he was ten years old. Much of his mature style was characterized by Italianate and Second Empire forms and several of his best-known buildings feature mansard roofs, which he helped to introduce and popularize in the United States. During the American Civil War, McArthur planned 24 temporary war hospitals, including Fort Delaware's 600-bed hospital on Pea Patch Island.[2]

Philadelphia has looked up to McArthur’s architecture for more than a century. The 250-foot-tall tower-and-spire of his Tenth Presbyterian Church (1854) was the tallest structure in the city when built. (Its 150-foot wooden spire was removed in 1912.) Later, this was surpassed by the tower of City Hall (1874–1901), whose 548 feet (167 meters) made it the tallest occupied building in the world when completed. Until the late 20th century, an unwritten agreement among Philadelphia architects kept all buildings shorter than the top of the statue of William Penn atop McArthur’s tower.

A Presbyterian and a member of Tenth Church, McArthur was married to Matilda Prevost; they had two sons and two daughters.

McArthur died in Philadelphia on January 8, 1890.

Architectural work

This is a partial list.

Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia (1859-65)
First National Bank building, now Science History Institute, Philadelphia
"Residence for John McArthur Jr. West Philadelphia, Pa." (1881, demolished).
Plan for U.S. Army Hospital, Fort Delaware, Pea Patch Island, DE (1863, demolished). This 600-bed hospital served the garrison, Confederate prisoners, and civilians.

Philadelphia buildings

Demolished Philadelphia buildings
  • Assembly Building, 10th & Chestnut Sts. Philadelphia (1851, rebuilt 1852 possibly by McArthur, demolished)
  • Girard House Hotel, n. side of Chestnut St. at 9th St., Philadelphia (1852, demolished)
  • La Pierre House, South Broad St., Philadelphia (1856, demolished)
  • Continental Hotel, SE corner 9th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1857–1860, demolished)[4]
  • American Sunday School Union building, 316-320 Chestnut St., Philadelphia (1858, demolished)
  • Franklin Farmers' Market, 100 block of Market St., Philadelphia (1859, demolished)
  • Mikveh Israel Synagogue, 117 N. 7th St., Philadelphia (1860, demolished)[5]
  • Mower Hospital (temporary Civil War hospital), Wyndmoor, Philadelphia (1863, demolished)
  • Residence for Dr. David Jayne, 19th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1865, demolished)
  • Public Ledger Building, SW corner 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1867, demolished)
  • John McArthur Jr. Residence, 4203 Walnut St., Philadelphia (1881, demolished).
  • Children’s Ward, Presbyterian Hospital, 39th & Filbert Sts., Philadelphia (1881–88, demolished).
  • Entrance, The Woodlands, Philadelphia (1936, demolished)[6]

Buildings elsewhere
  • La Pierre House, 100 block of South Broad St., Philadelphia (1856, demolished)
  • Continental Hotel, SE corner 9th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1857–1860, demolished).
  • Franklin Farmers' Market, 100 block Market St., Philadelphia (1859, demolished).
  • Wagner Free Institute of Science (1859–65), second-floor Hall and galleries.
  • Mikveh Israel Synagogue, 117 N. 17th St., Philadelphia (1860, demolished).
  • U.S. Hospital, Fort Delaware, Pea Patch Island, DE (1863, demolished).
  • First National Bank, 315 Chestnut St., Philadelphia (1865–67). Now Science History Institute.
  • Public Ledger Building, SW corner 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia (1867, demolished).
  • Congress Hall and Public Ledger Building.
  • Public Ledger Building from Independence Hall tower.
  • Pardee Hall, Lafayette College, Easton, PA (1873).
  • Philadelphia City Hall cornerstone. Laid July 4, 1874.
  • Philadelphia City Hall Tower under construction, 1890s?
  • Children's Ward, Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia (1881–88, demolished).
  • Tenth Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia (1854)
  • Naval Hospital at Mare Island, California.

Descendants

A descendant, David Paul McArthur, works as an architect out of the Fishtown section of Philadelphia.

References
  1. Wodehouse, Lawrence (1969). "John McArthur, Jr. (1823-1890)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 28 (4): 271–283. doi:10.2307/988539. JSTOR 988539.
  2. The Annual Report of the Library Company of Philadelphia, by Library Company of Philadelphia, page 52
  3. "Our History & Architecture | Tenth Presbyterian Church". Archived from the original on 2012-03-07. Retrieved 2008-10-05.
  4. Untitled Document
  5. Congregation Mikveh Israel
  6. "Woodlands Cemetery. Main Entrance". The Library Company of Philadelphia. World Digital Library. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  7. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-10-14. Retrieved 2008-10-05.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. Message from the President of the United States to the Two Houses of Congress, Millard Fillmore, 1853, p 738
  9. The Solano Historian, vol. 19-1 (2003), p7ff
  10. Danville State Hospital
  11. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-02-23. Retrieved 2008-10-05.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. Source: The Architect’s and Builders Pocket-Book, by Frank Eugene Kidder, 1908, page 1546
  13. Warren State Hospital * Asylum Architecture, History, Preservation * Kirkbride Buildings
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