John Ker, 3rd Duke of Roxburghe

The Duke of Roxburghe
His Grace; The Duke of Roxburghe; KT KG PC
Personal details
Born	23 April 1740
Died	1804 (aged 63–64)
Parents	Robert Ker, 2nd Duke of Roxburghe; Essex Mostyn
Signature

John Ker, 3rd Duke of Roxburghe, KG, KT, PC (23 April 1740 – 1804) was a Scottish nobleman and bibliophile.

Early life

Born in Hanover Square, London, on 23 April 1740, Ker succeeded his father to become the 3rd Duke of Roxburghe in 1755. During his Grand Tour in 1761 he fell in love with Duchess Christiane of Mecklenburg, oldest daughter of Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg.[1] This would have been a perfect match of social equals. Shortly afterwards a younger sister, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, became engaged to King George III. It was considered bad etiquette for an elder sister to marry someone of lower rank than a younger sister. For whatever reason, both John Ker and Christina separated and remained single for the rest of their lives. If George III recognised the sacrifice that Ker had made, it was rewarded with a high position at court. He was Lord of the Bedchamber from 1767, was appointed a Knight of the Thistle in 1768. In 1796 he was appointed Groom of the Stole and made a Privy Counsellor. He was appointed a Knight of the Garter in 1801.

John Ker, 3rd Duke of Roxburghe by Pompeo Batoni (circa 1761)

Bibliophile

While in Italy, Ker saw a first edition of Boccaccio's Decameron, often called the Valdarfers edition. This was a fabled book, which many said did not exist. He paid 100 guineas for it and showed it to his friends in London to huge acclaim. For the next 40 years he collected ancient and curious books, particularly editions of Shakespeare's works and other works which merely mentioned Shakespeare. At his death in 1804 there were 10,000 items. Most were books, but there were also pamphlets and broadside ballad sheets. His library was auctioned in 1812, leading to the formation of the Roxburghe Club. His collection of ballads were later published as the Roxburghe Ballads.

He died unmarried and childless, and the titles Earl Ker and Baron Ker, which had been created for his father in 1722 in the Peerage of Great Britain, became extinct. His cousin William Bellenden, 7th Lord Bellenden succeeded to the dukedom and all of its other subsidiary titles.

John Ker, 3rd Duke of Roxburghe by Thomas Patch (circa 1761)

In popular culture

In Jonathan Strange and Mr. Norrell, a 2004 novel by British writer Susanna Clarke, the Duke's affection for the Queen's sister and their subsequent separation are mentioned, and made a premise for an important aspect of the story. One of the title characters, Gilbert Norrell, had a longstanding wish to examine the books of the Duke's library, believing there to be magical texts within. The Duke, being a bibliophile and rich, saw no reason to allow Mr. Norrell the opportunity, and so upon the Duke's death, the new Duke puts the library up for sale in order to pay off court debts. The Duke's library contained several extremely rare and valuable tomes, which Mr. Norrell purchases at auction, causing an increase in friction between himself and Jonathan Strange.

Ancestry

Ancestors of John Ker, 3rd Duke of Roxburghe

16. William Ker, 2nd Earl of Roxburghe

8. Robert Ker, 3rd Earl of Roxburghe

17. Lady Jean Ker

4. John Ker, 1st Duke of Roxburghe

18. John Hay, 1st Marquess of Tweeddale

9. Lady Margaret Hay

19. Lady Jean Scott

2. Robert Ker, 2nd Duke of Roxburghe

20. Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham

10. Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham

21. Elizabeth Harvey

5. Lady Mary Finch

22. Robert Rich, 3rd Earl of Warwick

11. Lady Essex Rich

23. Anne Cheeke

1. John Ker, 3rd Duke of Roxburghe

24. Sir Roger Mostyn, 1st Baronet, of Mostyn

12. Sir Thomas Mostyn, 2nd Baronet, of Mostyn

25. The Hon. Mary Bulkeley

6. Sir Roger Mostyn, 3rd Baronet, of Mostyn

26. D'arcy Savage

13. Bridget Savage

3. Essex Mostyn

28. Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham (= 20.)

14. Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham (= 10.)

29. Elizabeth Harvey (= 21.)

7. Lady Essex Finch

30. Christopher Hatton, 1st Viscount Hatton

15. The Hon. Anne Hatton

31. Lady Cecily Tufton

Notes

"Ker, John, third Duke of Roxburghe", in: Dictionary of National Biography vol. 31, New York 1892, p. 51.

Bibliography

Dibdin, Rev. Thomas Frognall. Reminiscences of a Literary Life. 2 vols. (Vol I, Vol II). London: John Major, 1836.

External links

Court offices
Preceded by The Earl of Buckinghamshire	Lord of the Bedchamber 1767–1796	Succeeded by The Earl of Macclesfield
Preceded by The Marquess of Bath	Groom of the Stole 1796–1804	Succeeded by The Earl of Winchilsea and Nottingham
Honorary titles
New office	Lord Lieutenant of Roxburghshire 1794–1804	Succeeded by The Duke of Buccleuch
Peerage of Scotland
Preceded by Robert Ker	Duke of Roxburghe 1755–1804	Succeeded by William Bellenden
Peerage of Great Britain
Preceded by Robert Ker	Earl Ker 1755–1804	Extinct

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[1] "Ker, John, third Duke of Roxburghe", in: Dictionary of National Biography vol. 31, New York 1892, p. 51.