John Dolphin (music producer)

John Grayton Dolphin (April 9, 1902 – February 1, 1958), also known as Lovin John, was an African-American businessman, independent record label owner, concert promoter and music producer, who established Dolphin's of Hollywood, an influential record store that remained open 24 hours a day.[1]

John Dolphin
Background information
Birth nameJohn Grayton Dolphin
Also known asLovin John, The Toast of the Coast
Born(1902-04-09)April 9, 1902
Beatrice, Alabama, US
DiedFebruary 1, 1958(1958-02-01) (aged 55)
Los Angeles, California, US
Occupation(s)Record store owner, music producer, concert promoter, DJ
Years active1946–1958
LabelsRecorded In Hollywood, Cash Records, Money Records, Lucky Records, Ball Records, Dolphin's Of Hollywood
Associated actsJesse Belvin, Sam Cooke, Pee Wee Crayton, Charles Brown, Lowell Fulsom, Charles Mingus, Buddy Collette, Rudy Ray Moore, Joe Houston, Scatman Cruthers, Hollywood Flames, Turbans, Turks, Maggie Hathaway, Ernie Freeman, Red Callender, WMA Soul Stirrers, Roberta Martin Singers, Percy Mayfield, Huggy Boy.

Early life

Dolphin was born in the Southern town of Beatrice, Alabama in 1902 to Lewis (Stallworth) Dolphin and Elyce Dolphin. He left Beatrice at a very young age and moved to Boley, Oklahoma, where he was raised. He later moved to Detroit, Michigan and finally settled in Los Angeles, California.

Career
John Dolphin and Billie Holiday

Dolphin's of Hollywood
Dolphin's of Hollywood

His record store Dolphin's Of Hollywood was opened in 1948 on Central Avenue in Los Angeles. Central Ave was a hub for jazz music in Los Angeles and attracted figures such as Duke Ellington, Nat King Cole, Jelly Roll Morton, Louis Armstrong, Lionel Hampton, Joe Turner, Billie Holiday, Sam Cooke and Charlie Parker.[2] Dolphin's of Hollywood was a prime factor in the emergence of rhythm & blues music on the West Coast by its sales of records and as being the location of landmark R &B radio broadcasts by Hunter Hancock and Dick "Huggie Boy" Hugg.[3] Hits like "Earth Angel (Will You Be Mine)", by the doo-wop group The Penguins, were first released during a live broadcast inside Dolphins of Hollywood.[4] To get an audience reaction, John Dolphin asked Huggy Boy to play both sides of the record over the air.[5] Rudy Ray Moore aka Dolemite got his start in the music business recording for John Dolphin's Cash Records label under the group name Rudy Ray Moore & The Rayettes. Eventually Moore went on to become Dolphin's assistant helping to run his record label and everyday activities of the busy store. While working at the world-famous Dolphin's of Hollywood record store, Moore's songs were often playing on their own radio station, but this period of employment would give way to a significant change in his career. A wino named Rico would often come into the store requesting money for soup. Moore would give him money if he would perform a toast called "Dolemite." Toasts are a black tradition of story telling, often the "tallest" tale being the best. Rudy was amazed at how much the people enjoyed this routine and decided to modify it and use it professionally in his act. This single bit of material has become his namesake.[6]

Work as record producer

In 1950 Dolphin started his first label, Recorded In Hollywood (RIH). His first chart success came in 1951, "Once There Lived A Fool", by Duke Ellington's vocalist Jimmy Grissom. The song, penned by Jessie Mae Robinson, became the subject of almost a dozen covers, by Tony Bennett, Charles Brown, Tommy Edwards, Savannah Churchill, John Greer, Jimmy Witherspoon and others.[7] He worked on other National hit songs such as "Buzz-Buzz-Buzz", by the Hollywood Flames,[8] "The Jerk" by The Larks, and "Make me Yours" by Betty Swann. His contributions to music spans from Jazz to Rock'n'Roll. He worked with artists such as Sam Cooke, Jesse Belvin, Charles Mingus, Pee Wee Crayton, Major Lance, Scatman Crothers, Harry Caesar, Tony Allen, Gene Forrest, Percy Mayfield, Damita Jo, Marvin Phillips, Jesse Belvin, Illinois Jacquet and Linda Hayes.[7] Dolphin produced several famous records under the Recorded In Hollywood label, and eventually created other labels like Lucky Records, Cash Records, and finally, Money Records. Dolphin sold Money and its holdings to Don Pierce's Hollywood Records in 1956.[9]

Crossover music

Dolphin brought fame to many underserved, talented, black artists who had been hidden behind the facade of crossover music. This Crossover Music concept was essentially taking music originally recorded by African Americans and having white artists re-record it, as during this time, most black music was considered taboo and hard to sell to the masses.[10] He went on white radio station KRKD and played a black music format, marketing black music to whites.

Activism

In 1954, Dolphin organized a protest by 150 Black business owners and employees in reaction to an ongoing campaign of intimidation directed at interracial trade.[11] Dolphin's of Hollywood was outselling other White-owned stores in the city and continued to attract White customers who spent their money not only at the store, but also in the neighborhood.[12]

Death
John and Ruth Dolphin

John Dolphin was murdered behind the desk of his office in Hollywood on February 1, 1958 by frustrated singer and shipping clerk Percy Ivy. His murder was witnessed by then teenage musicians Bruce Johnston, Sandy Nelson, and Dave Shostac, who were attempting to interest Dolphin in their music.[13] His wife, Ruth Dolphin, took over Dolphin's of Hollywood after his death.[10] She died in 2020, aged 92.[14]

Legacy

In 2015, a musical, Recorded in Hollywood - The Musical, co-written by Dolphin's grandson Jamelle Dolphin, debuted at the Lillian Theatre in Los Angeles.[15] After a very successful first run the following year the musical opened at the larger Kirk Douglas Theatre in Culver City, CA with much of the same success.[16]

On July 28, 2016 city of Los Angeles Councilman Curren D. Price Jr. officially announced and presented the newly renamed intersection of Central Avenue & Vernon Ave to "Dolphin's Of Hollywood Square" in honor and recognition of John Dolphin's groundbreaking contributions to the music industry and the city of Los Angeles.[17]

Books
  • Recorded In Hollywood: The John Dolphin Story[18]

References
  1. "John Dolphin - Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  2. Daaood, Kamau. "Jazz : L.A.'s Lost Street of Dreams : The great musicians who once strode Central Avenue played from the heart." Los Angeles Times (August 29, 1999)
  3. "History of Dolphins of Hollywood". Home.earthlink.net. Archived from the original on 6 June 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  4. "Earth Angel". Ace Records.
  5. The Recording of Earth Angel, Electricearl.com
  6. "Bio". Rudyraymoore.com.
  7. "JOHN DOLPHIN". Rockabilly.nl. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  8. "THE HOLLYWOOD FLAMES". Rockabilly.nl. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  9. "Findagrave John Grattan "Big John" Dolphin". Findagrave.com. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  10. "Dolphins of Hollywood Official Site". Archived from the original on September 9, 2014.
  11. "Ethnic Studies PDF" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015.
  12. Baruck, Jamelle (Feb 4, 2012). Recorded In Hollywood: The John Dolphin Story. p. 104.
  13. "The death of John Dolphin". Rockinsteve.wordpress.com. 29 August 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  14. Billy Vera, Obituary:Ruth Dolphin, Blues & Rhythm, No.353, October 2020, p.20
  15. Tanja M. Laden, "The Remarkable Life and Tragic Death of Pioneering South L.A. Music Producer John Dolphin", LA Weekly, April 7, 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2016
  16. Jalali, Imaan (July 25, 2016). ""Recorded in Hollywood" is the Best Show of the Summer". LAexcites.com.
  17. "Gia On The Move". Gia On The Move. Retrieved 2016-07-31.
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