Johann Stenglin

Johann Stenglin (Russian: Иван Штенглин; c. 1710, Augsburg — 1776, St. Petersburg) was a German-born Russian mezzotint artist.

Grand Duchess (later Empress) Catherine Alexeyevna (1745)

Biography

He was born to the family of a wealthy burgher. His first studies in engraving were with Gabriel Bodenehr. Little more is known of him until 1741, when he accepted an invitation from the engraver and cartographer, Yakob Shtelin to come to St. Petersburg and work at the newly established art department of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The first works he created there (mezzotints of Russian rulers) are now considered to be very crude. He was forced to leave the Academy in 1744, following some serious disagreements with its Director, Johann Daniel Schumacher, but was able to make a living as a freelance artist.

Around 1750, due to continued misunderstandings with the academic authorities, he left St. Petersburg for Moscow, where he painted portrait miniatures and lived in extreme poverty. In 1763 his old patron, Shtelin, found him and was able to obtain a room for him at the estate of the former Grand Chancellor, Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin. There, he once again produced engravings. When he had become reestablished, in 1765, Shtelin invited him back to St. Petersburg, where he taught mezzotinting at the now independent Imperial Academy of Arts.

Most of his engravings are portraits; including those of Shtelin; the Danish Ambassador, Andreas Schumacher; the mathematician, Leonhard Euler; and the French adventurer, Jean Armand de Lestocq. Many of his original boards were purchased by the Academy or acquired by the collector, Dmitry Rovinsky. The Chancellery of the Academy of Sciences possesses eleven of his engravings of the Aurora Borealis over St. Petersburg, from sketches by Mikhail Lomonosov.

Sources
  • Dmitry Rovinsky, "Штенглин, Иван", in: Подробный словарь русских граверов XVI—XIX вв (Detailed dictionary of Russian engravers), 1895, pp. 1211-1219 (Online)
  • Georg Kaspar Nagler, Neues allgemeines Künstler-Lexicon, Vol. 17, Fleischmann, 1847, p. 323 Online @ Google Books
  • Carol Wax, The mezzotint: History and technique, Thames and Hudson, 1990 ISBN 0-500-23583-X

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