Jhukar Phase

The Jhukar Phase was a phase of the Late Harappan culture in Sindh that continued after the decline of the mature Indus Valley Civilisation in the 2nd millennium BC. It is named after the archaeological type site called Jhukar in Sindh.[1] It was, in turn, followed by the Jhangar Phase.[1]

Map of the Indus Valley Civilization, late phase
Bronze Age
↑ Chalcolithic

Africa, Near East (c. 3300–1200 BC)

Egypt, Anatolia, Caucasus, Elam, Levant, Mesopotamia, Sistan, Canaan
Late Bronze Age collapse

Indian subcontinent (c. 3300–1200 BC)

Indus Valley Civilisation
Bronze Age India
Ochre Coloured Pottery
Cemetery H

Europe (c. 3200–600 BC)

Aegean (Cycladic, Minoan, Mycenaean), Caucasus, Catacomb culture, Srubnaya culture, Beaker culture, Apennine culture, Terramare culture, Unetice culture, Tumulus culture, Urnfield culture, Proto-Villanovan culture, Hallstatt culture, Canegrate culture, Golasecca culture,
Atlantic Bronze Age, Bronze Age Britain, Nordic Bronze Age

Eurasia and Siberia (c. 2700–700 BC)

Poltavka culture, Abashevo culture, Sintashta culture, Andronovo culture, Mezhovskaya culture, Cherkaskul culture

East Asia (c. 3100–300 BC)

Erlitou, Erligang, Gojoseon, Jomon, Majiayao, Mumun, Qijia, Siwa, Wucheng, Xindian, Yueshi, Xia dynasty, Shang dynasty, Zhou dynasty
↓Iron Age

The pottery of this phase is described as "showing some continuity with mature Harappan pottery traditions."[2] During this phase, urban features of cities (such as Mohenjo-Daro) disappeared, and artifacts such as stone weights and female figurines became rare. This phase is characterized by some circular stamp seals with geometric designs, although lacking the Indus script which characterized the preceding phase of the civilization. Script is rare and confined to potsherd inscriptions.[3] There was also a decline in long-distance trade.[4]

References
  1. Langer, William L., ed. (1972). An Encyclopedia of World History (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 17. ISBN 0-395-13592-3.
  2. Upinder Singh (2008), A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, p.211
  3. Singh (2008)
  4. J.M. Kenoyer (2006), "Cultures and Societies of the Indus Tradition. In Historical Roots" in the Making of ‘the Aryan’, R. Thapar (ed.), pp. 21–49. New Delhi, National Book Trust.

See also
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