Jenny's Lantern

Jenny's Lantern is an area of moorland in north Northumberland, England, taking its name from an 18th-century 'eye-catcher' folly sited towards the top of a small promontory hill above the River Aln. Situated on the southern slope of the Jenny's Lantern area is an Iron Age hillfort, overbuilt by and adjoined to a larger and very well preserved Romano-British stone-built settlement and field system.

The Jenny's Lantern folly

Location and naming

The Jenny's Lantern area is a small south-facing hill or promontory rising to 144 metres (472 ft) above the Aln valley's 50 metres (160 ft) floor, 1.32 miles (2.12 km) north-east of Bolton and 2.7 miles (4.3 km) south of Eglingham, villages in north Northumberland. Confusingly, the site is 0.66 miles (1.06 km) north-east of a completely distinct Jenny's Lantern Hill. The site is immediately south of the boundary of Bewick and Beanley Moors SSSI.

Jenny's Lantern, or Jenny of the Lantern, is the reputed Northumbrian name for Will-o'-the-wisp, a form of atmospheric ghost lights associated with leading travellers to dangerous places.[1] A legend ascribed to this Jenny's Lantern tells of a shepherd who, one night, is drowned in a bog whilst following a lantern lit by his wife Jenny to guide his return from the inn at Eglingham.[2]

Folly

An 18th-century folly, presumably built by the Bolton estate, is sited towards the top of the Jenny's Lantern area; it takes the form of a ruined shepherd's cottage, rectangular in plan with door and windows on the south wall, a complete westerly wall, but stepped and ruined towards the east wall. Historic England describe it as an eye-catcher and speculate that the design is based on the nearby Crawley Tower, situated 3.2 miles (5.1 km) to the west, a 14th-century tower house modified in the 18th century as an eye-catcher for the Shawdon estate.[2][3] The local penchant for follies extended to the dominant landowner, Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland who commissioned the Ratcheugh Observatory before 1770,[4] and whose 1781 Brizlee Tower[5] sits roughly opposite, across the Aln, from Jenny's Lantern.[6]

Hillfort
Detail of outer rampart of Iron Age hillfort at Jenny's Lantern

Jenny's Lantern hillfort is an Iron Age defended settlement, undated, but falling within a style dating from circa 700BCE to 100CE. The fort is situated on the 135 metres (443 ft) elevation contour and is of multivallate form, delineated by twin 5 metres (16 ft) wide ramparts, the inner being up to 0.6 metres (2 ft 0 in) high and the outer up to 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) high, separated by a 6 metres (20 ft) ditch, and forming an oval of 100 metres (330 ft) by 68 metres (223 ft) with the long axis orientated NE-SW, and entrance-ways at the north-east and south-west extents.[7][8]

Romano-British settlement

The Jenny's Lantern site is circa 2.4 miles (3.9 km) east of the Devil's Causeway, a major north-south Roman road; and 2.6 miles (4.2 km) north-north-east of the Roman fort at Learchild. The Jenny's Lantern hillfort, and the area to its east, preserve the remains of a supposed Romano-British settlement. Remains of at least 15 stone-founded circular huts of from 4 metres (13 ft) to 6 metres (20 ft) diameter are evident, three within the fort and the remainder in a series of seven embanked enclosures outside it. A field system delineated by rubble and boulder boundaries is found to the south and east of the enclosures. A lacrymatory was discovered at the site in 1824, and a quern-stone in 1885. Historic England note that the "Iron Age defended settlement, Romano-British settlement and its field system south and east of Jenny's Lantern are extensive and particularly fine examples of their types." and note that survival of Romano-British field systems is rare, making the Jenny's Lantern site especially valuable.[8][7]

The hillfort and settlement site has been placed on the Heritage at Risk Register, as its condition is found to be "generally unsatisfactory with major localised problems"; bracken is identified as the principal cause of vulnerability.[9]

References
  1. "The Lantern Man and the Wherryman". Myths & Legends. East of England Broadband Network. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
  2. Historic England. "Jenny's Lantern (1041960)". National Heritage List for England.
  3. Historic England. "Crawley Tower (1057698)". National Heritage List for England.
  4. "Observatory at Ratcheugh Crag (Longhoughton)". Keys to the Past. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
  5. Historic England. "Brizlee Tower (1076985)". National Heritage List for England.
  6. Historic England. "Ratcheugh Observatory (1154280)". National Heritage List for England.
  7. Historic England. "Jenny's Lantern hillfort and Romano-British settlement (1008839)". National Heritage List for England.
  8. "Jenny's Lantern". Atlas of Hillforts of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
  9. "Defended settlement, Romano-British settlement and field system, 100 metres south and east of Jenny's Lantern, Hedgeley - Northumberland (UA)". Historic England Heritage at Risk register. Historic England. Retrieved 6 January 2018.

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