Jean Tijou

Jean Tijou (fl. 1689–1712) was a French Huguenot ironworker. He is known solely through his work in England, where he worked on several of the key English Baroque buildings. Very little is known of his biography. He arrived in England in c. 1689 and enjoyed the patronage of William III and Mary II.[1] He left England for the continent c. 1712.[2] He was father-in-law to Louis Laguerre who married in St Martin-in-the-Fields.[1]

Print, 1693, Jean Tijou V&A Museum no. 25082:9

His major commissions include gates and railings for Hampton Court Palace, where he worked between 1689 and 1700;[3] he was paid £2,160 2s 0.25d for the wrought iron screens at Hampton Court.[4] He also is known to have worked at Kensington Palace. He produced the screens and grilles of St Paul's Cathedral for Sir Christopher Wren, and worked at country houses such as Easton Neston, Burghley and Chatsworth. At Chatsworth his surviving works include the balustrade of the upper flight of the grand staircase and the set of gates known as the Golden Gates, which were moved to their present location at the north entrance to the park in the 19th century.

Little else is known of the man, Jean Tijou, other than that he was a master metalworker. Tijou elevated blacksmithing to an art with his lavish Baroque sheet metal overlay on iron structures. To achieve this style of artistry, sheet metal is hammered from the rear of the plate to create form and then used to cover fire welds on foundational iron structures such as gates, hinges, fence work or wall deco pieces.[5]

Some works by Tijou were gold plated to add to aesthetics. It is possible that a rendering of Jean Tijou appears in a book which he designed entitled A New Book of Drawings Invented and Desined [sic] by John Tijou,[2] in 1693. His book was engraved by a famous artisan himself, Michiel van der Gucht. The possible rendering of Tijou appears at the bottom of the page. The book is currently housed in the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum in New York City.

  • Golden Gates, Kensington Palace, late 17th century, attributed to Tijou
  • General view of screens at Hampton Court Palace, c. 1700
  • Hampton Court Palace, screen representing England, c. 1700
  • Hampton Court Palace, screen representing Scotland, c. 1700
  • Hampton Court Palace, screen representing Ireland, c. 1700
  • Hampton Court Palace, screen
  • Gates in St Paul's Cathedral, London
  • Burghley House, entrance, with Tijou's Golden Gates at the base
  • Burghley House, with Tijou's Golden Gates in background
  • Balustrade of King's Staircase, Hampton Court Palace, c. 1695

References
  1. Lister 1957, p. 92.
  2. Lister 1957, p. 93.
  3. Harris 1960, p. 4.
  4. Lister 1957, p. 94.
  5. "Engraving of Tijou, Jean on V&A Search the Collections)".

Bibliography
  • Harris, John (1960). English Decorative Ironwork from Contemporary Source Books 1610–1836. London: Alec Tiranti Ltd. OCLC 30213283.
  • Lister, Raymond (1957). Decorative Wrought Ironwork in Great Britain. London: Alec Tiranti Ltd. OCLC 1046341139.
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