Jana Baha Dyah Jatra

Jana Bahā Dyaḥ Jātrā (Devanagari: जनबहा द्यः जात्रा, alternate names: श्वेत मत्स्येन्द्रनाथ / मच्छिन्द्रनाथ जात्रा, सेतो मत्स्येन्द्रनाथ / मच्छिन्द्रनाथ जात्रा, अमोघपाश अवलोकितेश्वर जात्रा, जनबहाः करुणामय जात्रा) is the chariot procession of Jana Baha Dyah, the Bodhisattva of compassion, which is held annually in Kathmandu. It begins on the 8th day and ends on the 10th day of the bright fortnight of Chaulā (चौला), the sixth month in the lunar Nepal Era calendar.

Jana Baha Dyah Jatra
Chariot of Jana Baha Dyah at Durbar Marg
Also calledSeto Machhendranath Jatra
Observed byNepalese
TypeReligious
SignificanceSpreads peace in the city
CelebrationsChariot procession
2019 date13-15 April

The Buddhist deity is known in Sanskrit as Aryavalokitesvara (Sacred Avalokiteśvara), and also White Machhendranath or White Karunamaya and Guanyin by Chinese. It is believed that the annual procession was begun to provide the townspeople who were unable to visit his temple a sight of the image.[1][2]

The procession

During the festival, the image of Jana Bāhā Dyah is removed from his temple at Jana Baha and carried in a portable shrine to Durbar Marg from where the actual procession starts. There it is installed in the car built in the shape of a tower on wheels. The chariot is 35 ft high.

When the image is placed on the chariot, a group of musicians from the Kansakar caste play a short fanfare on their long trumpets to announce the installation. At the same time, the Guruju Paltan, a ceremonial guard of honor consisting of soldiers dressed in ancient uniforms, performs a feu de joie with their muskets. Crowds then pull the chariot through central Kathmandu accompanied by musical bands.

The journey is performed in three stages to permit devotees to make oblations. Worshippers bring trays of offerings and light rows of butter lamps to honor the deity wherever the chariot stops. Sweet marjoram flowers (मूस्वां) are special offerings on the occasion.

The route
Route taken by Janabaha dyah jatra in Kathmandu

On the first day, the chariot is pulled from Jamal, Durbar Marg through Bhotahiti to Asan where it makes an overnight halt. The next day, the chariot is pulled through Indra Chok to Kathmandu Durbar Square where it makes its second stop. On the third day, the chariot is pulled through Maru and Chikan Mugal to Lagan at the southern end of the historic section of Kathmandu.

There the procession ends after the chariot makes three rounds of the temple housing the mother of Janabaha Dyo. The idol is then carried back to the temple at Jana Baha, and the chariot is disassembled and the parts stored for next year.[3][4]

The three-day parade is one of the two great chariot festivals in Kathmandu, the other being Kumari Jatra during Yenya. The date of the chariot procession of Jana Baha Dyah is changeable as it is celebrated according to the lunar calendar.

Similar chariot processions known as Bunga Dyah Jatra are celebrated in Lalitpur and Dolakha in April-May.[5]

History

There is a tradition that the image of Jana Baha Dyah housed in the temple at Jana Baha, Kel Tol was retrieved from Jamal, hence the chariot procession starts from here. No one knows how far back the origin of the festival goes, though it is believed to have been started in the sixth century. Chronicles show that it was already well established in the 17th century.[6][7]

One of the Legends says that the Karunamaya was found in the fields by a Jyapu (farmer in Newa Community) at Jamal the exact spot where the Chariot is made.

  • Jana Baha Dyah (Seto Machhendranath)
  • The Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, gilded bronze. Nepal, 16th century CE
  • Chariot procession of Jana Baha Dyah
  • Chariot of Jana Baha Dyah at Asan, circa 1915
  • Chariot of Jana Baha Dyah at Asan in 1999

See also

References
  1. Locke, S.J., John K. "Newar Buddhist Initiation Rites". INAS Journal. Retrieved 18 April 2013. Page 2.
  2. Yoshizaki, Kazumi (2006). "The Kathmandu Valley as a Water Pot: Abstracts of research papers on Newar Buddhism in Nepal". Retrieved 18 April 2013. Page 5.
  3. Lewis, Todd Thornton (1984). The Tuladhars of Kathmandu: A Study of Buddhist Tradition in a Newar Merchant Community. Columbia University. p. 425.
  4. Sangal, Naresh Chandra; Sangal, Prakash (1998). Glimpses of Nepal. APH Publishing. p. 30. ISBN 9788170249627.
  5. Tuladhar, Amrit Ratna. "Dolakha Karunamaya". Redstar. Archived from the original on 15 April 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  6. Locke, John K. (1985). Buddhist Monasteries of Nepal: A Survey of the Bahas and Bahis of the Kathmandu Valley. Kathmandu: Sahayogi Press. p. 311, 313.
  7. Bajracharya, Munindra Ratna (2008). "The Chariot Festival Of White Karunamaya". The Rising Nepal. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
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