James Finley (engineer)

James Finley (1756[1] – 1828), aka Judge James Finley, is widely recognized as the first designer and builder of the modern suspension bridge. Born in Ireland,[1] Finley moved to a 287-acre (1.16 km2) farm in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, near Uniontown.[2] Elected a justice of the peace in 1784, he went on to become county commissioner in 1789, and a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and Senate. From 1791 until his death, he was an Associate Judge for Fayette County.[2]
His Jacob's Creek Bridge, built in 1801 for US$600,[3] and demolished in 1833, was the first example of a suspension bridge using wrought iron chains and with a level deck. It connected Uniontown to Greensburg, spanning 70 feet (21 metres), and was 12 feet 6 inches (3.81 m) wide.[3]
Finley is also credited with designing and constructing a chain suspension bridge across Dunlap's Creek in Brownsville, Pennsylvania, in 1809. In 1820, however, the bridge collapsed under a heavy snow combined with the loads from a six-horse wagon team. The bridge was replaced by the Dunlap's Creek Bridge, the country's first cast-iron bridge, in 1835.[4]

"View of the Chain Bridge invented by James Finley Esqr." (1810), wood engraving, William Strickland, delineator, The Port Folio [Magazine], June 1810. The 200-foot span shown in this image makes it almost certainly the Chain Bridge at Falls of Schuylkill.

Other bridges built in accord with his patent include:

Although he has been credited with designing as many as forty bridges, only twenty sites have been identified. None of Finley's bridges survive, the one in Newburyport has been replaced with a functioning replica.

Finley patented his system in 1808 and also published a paper on the principles of the deck-stiffened suspension bridge.[3]

References
  1. Judge James Finley gravestone, Laurel Hill United Presbyterian Church cemetery, Fayette County, PA
  2. Kranakis, Eda, "Constructing a Bridge", The MIT Press, 1997
  3. Finley, James, "A Description of the Patent Chain Bridge", The Port Folio Vol. III, Bradford & Inskeep, Philadelphia, June 1810
  4. Structural Iron 1750–1850, edited by R.J.M. Sutherland, Ashgate, 1998. pp. 18-19.
  5. Bovey, Horace C. (October 17, 1896). "The Essex-Merrimac Bridge". Scientific American: 300–1. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
  6. Griggs, Frank (June 2013). "Newburyport Bridge". Structure Magazine. Retrieved August 28, 2017.


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