Jahan Malek Khatun

Jahan Malek Khatun (Persian: جهان ملك خاتون‎) was an Injuid princess and a poetess, contemporary of Hafez. She wrote under pen name Jahan (Persian: جهان‎, lit. 'World').[1]

Jahan Malek Khatun
Bornc. 1324
Shiraz
Diedc. 1393
SpouseAmin al-Din Jahromi
HouseInjuids
FatherJalal ud-Din Masudshah
MotherA daughter of Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din
OccupationPoetess

Life

Her birthdate is not known, but her parents were married in 1324, so she must have been born after that date. Her father was Jalal ud-Din Masudshah and mother was a daughter of Ghiyas al-Din Hamadani. Her step-mother was a Chupanid princess, Sultanbakht - daughter of Dimashq Khwaja, who married Masudshah in Baghdad in 1342.[1] After his father's marriage, she too got married between 1343 and 1347. Groom was Amin al-Din Jahromi,[2] companion of Injuid ruler, his uncle Shaikh Jamal al-Din Abu Ishaq. Masudshah was deposed in 1339 by allied powers of Shams al-Din Muhammad and Chupanid Pir Hosayn and fled to Luristan and was finally murdered in bath by Yagi Basti's men in 1342.[3]Jahan Malek was brought up and guarded by his uncle Abu Ishaq. Abu Ishaq too finally fell from power in 1353 when Mubariz al-Din Muhammad captured Shiraz and executed Ishaq in 1357.

Poetry

Jahan Malek Khatun's poetry was usually love poetry. Besides, she also mentioned several rulers in her poems, like Mubariz al-Din Muhammad, Shah Shoja Mozaffari, Ahmad Jalayir, Shah Mansur and Miran Shah, giving a clue about her lifespan.[1] She was a contemporary of Ubayd Zakani, Khwaju Kermani and Hafez. She was at odds with Ubayd Zakani who mocked her poetry[1] alongside Kamal Khujandi. Her divan is the largest known divan from any woman poet of pre-modern times. It contains 4 qasidas, one strophe-poem, a lengthy elegy, 12 fragments, 357 rubai and 1413 ghazals.[2] Only 4 known manuscripts are located at British Library, National Library of France, Topkapi Palace and Cambridge University Library. She was influenced by Saadi and other women poetesses of her time including Padshah Khatun[4] and Qutluqshah Khatun[2] (wife of Öljaitü and daughter of Irinjin[5]).

Publications

Being mostly out of scope of academic interest, she was published in 1995, Tehran for the first time for modern readers.[6] Dick Davis translated a big part of her poetry into English in 2013.[7]Another translation of her divan was by Paul Smith in 2018.

References
  1. Brookshaw, Dominic Parviz (2005). "Odes of a Poet-Princess: The Ghazals of Jahān-Malik Khātūn". Iran. 43: 173–195. doi:10.2307/4300688. ISSN 0578-6967.
  2. "JAHĀN-MALEK ḴĀTUN – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2020-05-16.
  3. "INJU DYNASTY – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2020-05-16.
  4. Nicola, Bruno De (2017-03-08). Women in Mongol Iran: The Khatuns, 1206-1335. Edinburgh University Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-1-4744-1548-4.
  5. Lambton, Ann K. S., 1912-2008. (1988). Continuity and change in medieval Persia : aspects of administrative, economic, and social history, 11th-14th century. [Albany, N.Y.]: Bibliotheca Persica. p. 297. ISBN 0-88706-133-8. OCLC 16095227.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. Jahān Malik Khātūn; Kāshānīʹrād, Pūrāndukht; Aḥmadʹnizhād, Kāmil (1995). Dīvān-i kāmil-i Jahān Malik Khātūn: qarn-i hashtum-i Hijrī-i Qamarī (in Persian). Tihrān: Zavvār. OCLC 863417702.
  7. Dirda, Michael (2013-09-18). "Book World: 'Faces of Love,' translations of Persian poetry reviewed by Michael Dirda". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2020-05-16.
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