Isobutyl acetate

The chemical compound isobutyl acetate, also known as 2-methylpropyl ethanoate (IUPAC name) or β-methylpropyl acetate, is a common solvent. It is produced from the esterification of isobutanol with acetic acid. It is used as a solvent for lacquer and nitrocellulose. Like many esters it has a fruity or floral smell at low concentrations and occurs naturally in raspberries, pears and other plants. At higher concentrations the odor can be unpleasant and may cause symptoms of central nervous system depression such as nausea, dizziness and headache.

Isobutyl acetate[1][2]
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
2-Methylpropyl ethanoate
Other names
Isobutyl acetate
Isobutyl ester
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.406
UNII
Properties
C6H12O2
Molar mass 116.16 g/mol
Appearance Colourless liquid
Odor Fruity, floral[3]
Density 0.875 g/cm3, liquid
Melting point −99 °C (−146 °F; 174 K)
Boiling point 118 °C (244 °F; 391 K)
Slightly soluble
0.63–0.7 g/100g at 20 °C
Vapor pressure 13 mmHg (20 °C)[3]
−78.52·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
Flash point 18 °C; 64 °F; 291 K [3]
Explosive limits 1.3–10.5%[3]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
4673 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
13,400 mg/kg (rat, oral)[4]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 150 ppm (700 mg/m3)[3]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 150 ppm (700 mg/m3)[3]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 1300 ppm[3]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

A common method for preparing isobutyl acetate is Fischer esterification, where precursors isobutyl alcohol and acetic acid are heated in the presence of a strong acid.

Isobutyl acetate has three isomers: n-butyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, and sec-butyl acetate, which are also common solvents.

References
  1. Isobutyl acetate Chemical Profile, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
  2. Isobutyl acetate at chemicalland21.com
  3. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0351". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. "Isobutyl acetate". Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
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