Iris maackii

Iris maackii is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Laevigatae. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China and eastern Russia. It has sword-shaped grey-green leaves, and has many branched flowering stems that carry flowers in May that come in various shades of yellow.

Iris maackii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Limniris
Section: Iris sect. Limniris
Series: Iris ser. Laevigatae
Species:
I. maackii
Binomial name
Iris maackii
Synonyms[1]
  • Iris pseudacorus var. mandshurica L.H.Bailey
  • Limniris maackii (Maxim.) Rodion.

Description

Iris maackii has a thick rhizome.[2]

It has sword-shaped grey-green leaves, which grow up to 18" long[3] (or between 20 and 45 cm long and about 1 cm wide).[2] The leaves have a fan-like appearance.[4]

It has several branched flowering stems (or scape) which can reach about 80 cm (31 in) tall in May.[2][4][3] The oval-shaped spathes are green (measuring 5 cm × 1.5 cm) and having between 1 and 2 flowers per stem.[2] The flowers come in various shades of yellow, from creamy-yellow,[5] to yellow,[2][3] and are about 5 cm (2 in) in diameter,[2][3] with a perianth tube of 1 cm long. It has yellow anthers on 2.5 cm (0.98 in) long stamens.[2]

Between June and August, it sets seed. The capsules are ellipsoid-cylindric (6–9 cm long and 1.5 cm wide). They have 6 ribs and end in a beak-like point. Inside are maroon brown seeds that are about 7 × 5 mm in size.[2] The seed heads can be another garden feature of the plant.[4][3]

Taxonomy

It was first published (and described) by Karl Maximovich in Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg in 1880.[6] It was published as Limniris maackii in Botanicheskii Zhurnal (published in Moscow & Leningrad) on 18 Apr 2007,[7] but this was classed as a synonym of Iris maackii, whose name was accepted by Nina Alexeyeva in her book of 2008 Genus Iris L., written in Russian and published in the journal Turczaninowia.[8]

It is known as 乌苏里鸢尾 or wu su li yuan wei in China.[9][2]

The specific epithet maackii, refers to the Russian explorer and naturalist Richard Otto Maack.[10]

The original collection consisted of seed pods only, later named as a synonym of Iris laevigata before being re-classified as a species.[2][11]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, then updated on 10 March 2017.[9]

Iris maackii is now an accepted name by the RHS.[12] Although it is not an accepted name at Kew Gardens in the UK, it is thought to be very similar to Iris laevigata, especially its seeds and capsules. The Kew botanists currently call it Iris maackii, due to no other acceptable name.[2][5]

Distribution and habitat

Iris maackii is native to China and Russia.[9]

Range

It is located on moist soils near ponds and lakes from northeastern China into eastern Russia.[5][3][13] Like Iris typhifolia, it can be found near to the Amur River and Ussuri River swamps, along the Russian/Chinese border.[11] Also near East Heilongjiang, Liaoning in China.[2]

Habitat

It is found in damp places near ponds and lakes at altitudes of between near sea level,[13] rising up to 300 m (above sea level).[2]

Cultivation

It can be seen at the Arboretum and Botanical Garden, University of Bergen, Norway.[14]

It is listed in Forest Vegetation of Northeast Asia.[15]

It is similar to Iris pseudacorus, in cultivation use and form.[11][5] It is hardy to USDA Zone 6.[4]

It can hybridize with many other irises.[11]

References
  1. "Iris willmottiana Foster". theplantlist.org. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  2. "FOC Vol. 24 Page 301". efloras.org. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  3. "Iris maackii". missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  4. "Iris maackii". plantlust.com. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  5. Hall, Tony (2013). "Canadian Iris Society, CIS newsletter, Winter 2013 Volume 57 Issue 1" (PDF). e-clipse.ca (Canadian Iris Society). p. 13. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  6. "Iridaceae Iris maackii Maxim". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  7. "Iridaceae Limniris maackii (Maxim.) Rodion". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  8. "(SPEC) Iris Maackii Maxim". irises.org. 6 July 2014. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  9. "Iris maackii". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  10. Allen J. Coombes The A to Z of Plant Names: A Quick Reference Guide to 4000 Garden Plants, p. 196, at Google Books
  11. Waddick, James (7 June 2008). "WAS:Notholirion & Iris; NOW: Just Iris". pacificbulbsociety.org. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  12. "Iris maackii". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  13. Walker, Kent (16 May 2009). "iris maackii". signa.org. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  14. "Iris maackii". irisbg.com. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  15. Jirí Kolbek, Miroslav Srutek and Elgene E. O. Box (Editors) Forest Vegetation of Northeast Asia, p. 79, at Google Books

Sources
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 143.
  • Alexeyeva, N. (2008). Genus Iris L. (Iridaceae) in the Russia. Turczaninowia 11(2): 5–68.
  • Komarov, V.L. (ed.) (1935). Flora SSSR 4: 1–586. Izdatel'stov Akademii Nauk SSSR, Leningrad.
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