Iris lineata

Iris lineata is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris, and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Turkestan, between Tajikistan and Afghanistan. It has tall slender stems, long leaves and greenish yellow flowers covered, with brown violet, or brown purple veining over the top. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris lineata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Iris
Section: Iris sect. Regelia
Species:
I. lineata
Binomial name
Iris lineata
Synonyms[1]
  • Iris karategina B.Fedtsch.

Description

It is very similar in form toIris darwasica.[2]

It has a small, short rhizome,[3][4][5] which is less than 2 cm long.[3] It is covered (on the top) with the fibrous remains of last seasons leaves.[4][5] It has secondary roots, short stolons.[3][4][5]

It has erect, linear, leaves that are 6–40 cm (2–16 in) long and 0.3–0.6 cm wide.[4][5][6] They disappear after the blooming period, and begin to re-grow the next season in January.[3]

It has an erect stem, that can grow up to between 15–35 cm (6–14 in) tall.[6][7][8]

The stem has acuminate (pointed), membranous, spathes or bracts, (leaves of the flower bud), which are 5.5 cm (2 in) long, with pale margins.[4][5] The upper third of the spathe is flushed purple.[5]

The stems hold between 2 and 3 terminal (top of stem) flowers,[2][4][5] blooming in spring,[6] between April and May.[3][4]

The long and thin, flowers are 5–6 cm (2–2 in) in diameter.[3][6][9] They are greenish yellow, with brown violet,[2][4] or brown purple veining over the top.[3][7][8]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[10] The elliptic to oblanceolate falls are 4.5 cm (2 in) long,[6] and 1.3 cm wide,[5] with a long blue beard,[3][7][8] in the centre of the fall.[5] The elliptic to oblanceolate standards are 4.5 cm (2 in) long,[6] they also have a thin beard.[5]

It has short pedicels and a 2.5–4 cm (1–2 in) long perianth tube.[4][5] It has pale blue style branches, that are 2.5–3 cm (1–1 in) long, purple brown lobes, anthers that are 1.4–1.7 cm long, filaments that are 1–1.2 cm long and yellow pollen.[5]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule and seed, which have not been described.

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[10] It has a chromosome count: 2n=22.[3][7][8]

Taxonomy

It is pronounced as (Iris) EYE-ris (lineata) lin-ee-AY-tuh.[11]

It is commonly known as 'Lined Iris' (in Russia).[12]

The Latin specific epithet lineata means with lines (or stripes).[13] It refers to the veins on the narrow standards and falls.[9]

It was first published and described by Regel in 'Gartenflora' Vol.36 Issue 201, table 1244 in 1887.[9][14] Then by Foster in Curtis's Botanical Magazine Vol.114 in 1888.[15] It was also published (by Foster) in The Gardeners' Chronicle Series 3 Vol.4 page 36 in 1888.[16]

Was once thought a synonym of Iris darwasica,[5][17]

In 1935, Iris karategina was published and described by B.Fedtsch.,[4] in 'Flora URSS' (Flora Unionis Rerumpublicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum) Vol 4 page542.[18] It was later classified as a synonym of Iris lineata.[1]

In 1968, it was published in 'Yearbook of the British Iris Society' with a colour illustration.[9]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 2 October 2014.[14]

Iris lineata is an accepted name by the RHS.[19]

Distribution and habitat

Iris lineata is native to temperate areas of central Asia.[3][7][8]

a native to Central Asia (north of Afghanistan). Central Asia, north-eastern Afghanistan[8]

Range

It was found in the former country of Turkestan.[2] The current range is between Tajikistan,[14][19][20] (including the Karateginskii Range, within the Gissar Mountain Range),[4] and in Afghanistan,[6][8][19] within the upper Farkhar Valley of Farkhar District,[9] in the Takhar Province.[21]

Habitat

It grows on the dry, rocky open slopes of granite mountains.[3][5][6]

They can be found at an altitude of 1,600–2,500 m (5,200–8,200 ft) above sea level.[4][5][6]

Conservation

This is a protected iris,[3] listed on the Red Data Book of Tajikistan.[20]

Cultivation

It prefers to grow in well-drained soils in full sun.[3]

It can be grown in alpine houses.[6]

It was last introduced into cultivation in the UK by Paul Furse in 1967.[5]

References
  1. "Iris lineata Foster ex Regel is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  2. Cassidy, George E.; Linnegar, Sidney (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 146. ISBN 0-88192-089-4.
  3. "Chapitre I (partie 8) Les Regelia". irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Archived from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  4. Komarov, V.L. (1935). "Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV". Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  5. British Iris Society. Species Group (1997-03-27). A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation. Cambridge University Press. pp. 92–96. ISBN 978-0-521-44074-5.
  6. "Iris lineata". alpinegardensociety.net. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  7. "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  8. Kramb, D. (25 September 2004). "Iris lineata". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  9. Pries, Bob (13 June 2014). "(SPEC) Iris lineata Foster ex Regel". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  10. Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN 0881927309.
  11. "Species Iris, Aril Iris Iris lineata 'Lineata'". davesgarden.com. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  12. "Iris lineata Foster ex Regel". plantarium.ru. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  13. Smith, A.W.; Stearn, William T. (1972). A Gardener's Dictionary of Plant Names (Revised ed.). Cassell and Company (published 1963). pp. 68–69. ISBN 0304937215.
  14. "Iridaceae Iris lineata Foster ex Regel". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  15. Joseph Dalton Hooker (1 December 1888). "IRIS Suwarawi". Curtis's Botanical Magazine. London: L. Reeve & Co. XLIV: Tab 7029. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
  16. "Iris lineata". biodiversitylibrary.org. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  17. Dykes, William (2009). "Handbook of Garden Irises" (PDF). beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises). Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  18. "Iridaceae Iris karategina B.Fedtsch". ipni.org. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  19. "Iris lineata". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  20. "List Of Rare And Endangered Species Of Plants, Included Into The Red Data Book Of Tadjikistan". enrin.grida.no. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  21. Podlech, D. (2012). "Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Afghanistan" (PDF). sysbot.biologie.uni-muenchen.de. Retrieved 18 May 2015.

Sources
  • Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR).
  • Khassanov, F. O. & N. Rakhimova. 2012. Taxonomic revision of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae Juss.) for the flora of Central Asia. Stapfia 97:175.
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 64.
  • Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.

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