Interfaith marriage in Christianity

An interfaith marriage, also known as an interreligious marraige, is defined by Christian denominations as a marriage between a Christian and a non-Christian (e.g. a marriage between a Christian and a Jew), whereas an interdenominational marriage is between members of two different Christian denominations, such as a Lutheran Christian wedding a Catholic Christian, for example.

A Lutheran priest in Germany marries a young couple in a church.

Almost all Christian denominations permit interdenominational marriages, and many Christian denominations permit interfaith marriage as well, citing verses of the Christian Bible such as 1 Corinthians 7:14.[1] Christian denominations, such as the Catholic Church and Presbyterian Church, offer guidelines with respect to interfaith marriages in which a baptized Christian wishes to marry a non-baptized person.[2][3]

Other Christian denominations discourage interfaith marriage,[4] basing this caution on passages from the Christian Bible, such as New Testament verse 2 Corinthians 6:14 and the Old Testament verses Deuteronomy 7:3 and Ezra 9–10.[5] At the same time, for those already in an interfaith marriage or in the case where one party in a non-Christian couple coverts to Christianity, they encourage couples to stay wed.[5]

Inter-denominational marriages
Further information: Marriage in the Catholic Church § Marriage with a non-Catholic Christian

In Christianity, an interdenominational marriage refers to a wedding between two baptized Christians who belong to different Christian denominations, for example a Christian marriage between a Lutheran Christian and a Catholic Christian.

In Methodism, ¶81 of the 2014 Discipline of the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection, states with regard to interdenominational marriages: "We do not prohibit our people from marrying persons who are not of our connection, provided such persons have the form and are seeking the power of godliness; but we are determined to discourage their marrying persons who do not come up to this description."[4]

The Catholic Church recognizes as sacramental, (1) the marriages between two baptized Protestants or between two baptized Orthodox Christians, as well as (2) marriages between baptized non-Catholic Christians and Catholic Christians,[6] although in the latter case, consent from the diocesan bishop must be obtained, with this termed "permission to enter into a mixed marriage".[7] To illustrate (1), for example, "if two Lutherans marry in the Lutheran Church in the presence of a Lutheran minister, the Catholic Church recognizes this as a valid sacrament of marriage."[6] On the other hand, although the Catholic Church recognizes marriages between two non-Christians or those between a Catholic Christian and a non-Christian, these are not considered to be sacramental, and in the latter case, the Catholic Christian must seek permission from his/her bishop for the marriage to occur; this permission is known as "dispensation from disparity of cult".[8]

The Catholic Church requires a dispensation for mixed marriages. The Catholic party's ordinary (typically a bishop) has the authority to grant them. The baptized non-Catholic partner does not have to convert. Previously (under Ne Temere) the non-Catholic had to agree to raise any children Catholic, but under current rules only the Catholic spouse must promise to do all that is in his or her power to do so. The non-Catholic partner must be made "truly aware" of the meaning of the Catholic party's promise. It is forbidden to have a second religious ceremony in a different religion or one ceremony performed together by ministers of different religions. However, it is possible to waive the requirement of form (by granting a dispensation), so that for example one ceremony performed by the minister of another religion or a civil magistrate will be sufficient. Marriages with members of Eastern Orthodox Churches are valid but illicit without proper observance of the form or dispensation from it, as long as a sacred minister is present and other canonical requirements are observed.[2]

Inter-religious marriages

In the Presbyterian Church (USA), the local church congregation is tasked with supporting and including the interfaith couple in the life of the Church, "help[ing] parents make and live by commitments about the spiritual nurture of their children", and being inclusive of the children of the interfaith couple.[3] The pastor is to be available to help and counsel the interfaith couple in their life journey.[3]

In the Roman Catholic Church, in 2009, Portuguese Cardinal Jose Policarpo discouraged Portuguese girls from marrying Muslims, due to the fact that it is sometimes difficult to raise children in the faith after a marriage.[9][10] Marriages between a Catholic and an unbaptized person are not sacramental and fall under the impediment of disparity of worship.[11] They are invalid without a dispensation, for which authority lies with the ordinary of the place of marriage.[11] In addition, the Catholic Church recognizes the Pauline privilege, wherein a Catholic may marry an unbaptized previously married person who consents to convert, but only if the unbaptized person's spouse refuses to become a baptized Christian also (similar to Muslim views on marrying previously-married non-Muslims).

In Methodist Christianity, the 2014 Discipline of the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection discourages interfaith marriages, stating "Many Christians have married unconverted persons. This has produced bad effects; they have either been hindered for life, or have turned back to perdition."[4] Though the United Methodist Church authorizes its clergy to preside at interfaith marriages, it notes that 1 Corinthians 6:14 has been interpreted "as at least an ideal if not an absolute ban on such [interfaith] marriages as an issue of scriptural faithfulness, if not as an issue of Christian survival."[5] At the same time, for those already in an interfaith marriage (including cases in which there is a non-Christian couple and one party converts to Cristianity after marriage), the Church notes that Saint Paul "addresses persons married to unbelievers and encourages them to stay married (see 1 Corinthians 7:12–16)."[5]

See also

References
  1. Juergensmeyer, Mark; Roof, Wade Clark (2012). Encyclopedia of Global Religion. SAGE. p. 563. ISBN 978-0-7619-2729-7. ... most Christian churches support members who take part in intermarriage, citing 1 Corinthians 7:12-14.
  2. "Book IV; Part I; Title VII; Chapter VI: Mixed Marriages (Can. 1124–1129)". 1983 Code of Canon Law. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  3. Interfaith Marriage. Presbyterian Church (USA). 6 October 2010. p. 2.
  4. The Discipline of the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection (Original Allegheny Conference). Salem: Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection. 2014. p. 33.
  5. Burton-Edwards, Taylor (2010). "Interfaith Marriage: Pastoral Discernment and Responsibility". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  6. Foster, Michael Smith (1999). Annulment. Paulist Press. p. 83. ISBN 9780809138449. The Catholic Church considers marriages of baptized Protestants to be valid marriages. So if two Lutherans marry in the Lutheran Church in the presence of a Lutheran minister, the Catholic Church recognizes this as a valid sacrament of marriage.
  7. Burke, John (1999). Catholic Marriage. Paulines Publications Africa. p. 98. ISBN 9789966081063. We might remind ourselves here that a marriage between a Catholic and a baptized person that takes place in the Catholic Church, or in another Church with permission from the diocesan bishop, is a sacramental union. Such a marriage is a life-long union and no power on earth can dissolve it.
  8. "Are non-Catholic marriages valid in the eyes of the Catholic Church? What if a Catholic marries a non-Catholic?". Catholic Answers. 1996. Archived from the original on 21 December 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2015. Supernatural marriages exist only between baptized people, so marriages between two Jews or two Muslims are only natural marriages. Assuming no impediments, marriages between Jews or Muslims would be valid natural marriages. Marriages between two Protestants or two Eastern Orthodox also would be valid, presuming no impediments, but these would be supernatural (sacramental) marriages and thus indissoluble.
  9. "Avoid marrying Muslims advises Portuguese cardinal". TVNZ. Reuters. January 15, 2009. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  10. "Portugal cardinal warns of marriage with Muslims". Reuters. 14 January 2009.
  11. "Book IV; Part I; Title VII; Chapter III". 1983 Code of Canon Law. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Can. 1086. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
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