Ignace Deen Hospital

The Ignace Deen Hospital (Hôpital Ignace Deen) is a hospital in Conakry, Guinea built during the colonial era. The hospital is situated next to the National Museum.[1]

Ignace Deen Hospital
The hospital's location in Conakry
Geography
LocationConakry, Guinea
Coordinates9.5068°N 13.7050°W / 9.5068; -13.7050
Organisation
TypeUniversity Teaching Hospital
History
Openedabout 1890
Links
ListsHospitals in Guinea

A report in 2011 described the conditions as squalid, with poor quality of care. Since 2017, in collaboration with scientists from the United States and Denmark, Ignace Deen Hospital has acted as a regional hub of neurological research,

Quality of care

A travel guide describes the hospital as "not very reliable".[1] A February 2011 report said the hospital had dilapidated infrastructure, poor sanitation, stifling heat, stench, lack of water and electricity, lack of drugs and maintenance. A bribe was required to gain admittance. There were few doctors. Wards were crowded, infested by bed bugs and mosquitoes. The toilets were clogged and there was an acute shortage of drinking water, which relatives of the patients were expected to supply.[2]

After a serious traffic accident killed two people and seriously injured three others in April 2008, the wounded were rushed to the hospital. There they waited for more than two hours without care, since the nursing staff had not been paid. This is common practice in Guinea, and many patients die due to non-payment before they receive emergency care.[3]

Diseases
Polio vaccination in Conakry, 2009.

Maternal mortality is high in Guinea due to lack of primary health care, poorly equipped obstetric wards in referral hospitals, untrained personnel and lack of health education.[4] A 1991 study at the hospitals in Guinea found that the main causes of maternal death were abortion complications, which were linked with hypertension, and postpartum bleeding.[5]

A 1995 study at Ignace Deen found that anemia accounted for 65% of all maternal mortality.[6] A study at the hospital showed high rates of sexually transmitted diseases among pregnant women including Candidosis (28.76%), Vaginal Trichomoniasis (13.88%), Chlamydia trachomatis (3.37%), HIV (2.38%), Syphilis (0.99%) and Gonococcus (0.40%).[7]

Over a five-year period, 41 cases of chronic pulmonary heart disease were observed at the hospital, representing 7.14% of hospitalized patients. The condition ranked 4th after hypertension, various myocardiopathies and valvulopathies.[8]

Research

Since 2017, the Ignace Deen Hospital has been the primary site for several studies examining neurological health in low-income settings.[9] Neurological research at Ignace Deen Hospital has focused on epilepsy and included investigations of traditional healing in the country,[10] smartphone based diagnostic tools,[11] school status and educational attainment,[12] and autonomous delivery of antiepileptic drugs.[13] These studies have found that epilepsy is a major burden for patients in Guinea. The majority of study participants have reported experiencing >100 seizures in their lifetimes, which falls within criteria for poorly controlled epilepsy. Critically, many patients are unable to access antiepileptic medications in a consistent manner. Additional findings include that traditional healing is nearly universally accessed prior to allopathic medicine and that epilepsy poses a particularly severe burden for children by hampering educational attainment.

Hospital history

The Ignace Deen Hospital, originally called the Hôpital Ballay, was built during the colonial era in the old town.[14]

The original name honored doctor Nöel Ballay, the first governor of Guinea in 1890 after it became separate from Senegal.[15] The hospital was renamed following independence after a director in the Sékou Touré era, Ignace Deen.[16] The Touré regime was ruthless in suppressing dissent. After the discovery of a coup attempt was announced in 1969, the 42-year-old surgeon-general of the hospital, Dr. Maréga Bocar, was condemned to a lifetime of forced labor.[17]

Between 1986 and 1988, a European project coordinated by the University of Liège rehabilitated the Ignace Deen Hospital.[18] Without European funding, it could never have been rebuilt and re-equipped.[19] It is one of the two National Hospitals with a reference laboratory, the other being Donka Hospital.[20] Ignace Deen is also a university hospital (Centre Hospitalo Universitaire, or CHU), as is Donka, the only two in the country.[21]

In the news

The hospital must periodically deal with the aftermath of political violence. A demonstration on Independence Day on 28 September 1993 was violently suppressed by troops. Official accounts said 18 people died and 198 were injured. Hospital records show 31 deaths, 21 at the Donka hospital and 10 at Ignace Deen, and 225 wounded.[22]

On Independence Day 2009, several thousand people staged a demonstration against the military rule of Captain Moussa Dadis Camara outside the Conakry Grand Mosque. It was reported that demonstrators were "trapped, brutalised, humiliated, beaten up, raped, stabbed and killed by drugged squads of the army". Authorities gave a death toll of 56, but human rights groups reported over 150.[23] The bodies were taken to the morgue in the Ignace Deen Hospital, which was placed under military guard.[24] An International Commission of Inquiry was established to investigate the violence, taking evidence from doctors at Ignace Deen who had given first aid and had heard the firsthand accounts of the victims.[25]

In October 2010, several supporters of the presidential candidate Alpha Condé were admitted to Ignace Deen hospital complaining that they had been poisoned by Fulani.[26] Condé's wife, Mme Djene Kaba Condé, and other female leaders made a public visit to the victims, who appeared to be in considerable pain.[27]

The news caused violence in Upper Guinea, with people from Middle Guinea being killed or expelled and their property vandalized. When the hospital director Mme Hadja Fatoumata Binta Diallo said the Condé supporters were in no danger and no deaths had occurred, Prime Minister Jean Marie Doré suspended her for making speculative statements before a full medical analysis had been completed.[26]

After two weeks, the victims were visited by a team of traditional healers from Upper Guinea who performed gestures and incantations that caused them to immediately return to health.[28] Binta Diallo was reinstated by the President later that month.[29] Following Condé's election, in January 2011 Dr. Mohamed Awada was appointed director-general of the hospital.[30] He replaced Dr Fatoumata Binta Diallo.[31]

See also

References
  1. Dominique Auzias; Jean-Paul Labourdette; Alexandra Gazel (2007). République de Guinée, Guinée-Bissau. Petit Futé. ISBN 978-2-7469-1603-6.
  2. Lamine Camara (4 February 2011). "Visite à l'Hôpital Ignace Deen : Grand foutoir ou grand mouroir pour les patients ?". Info Guinee (in French). Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-16.
  3. Alia Marco (16 April 2008). "L'hôpital Ignace-Deen Les Infirmiers réclament d'abord l'argent avant de regarder le patient". Aminata (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-17.
  4. Diallo, MS; Sidibe, M; Keita, N (1989). "La mortalité maternelle: à propos de 212 observations en sept ans (1980–1985) à la Maternité Ignace-Deen de Conakry (Guinée)" [Maternal mortality. Apropos of 212 instances in 7 years (1980–1986) at the Ignace-Deen Maternity Hospital in Conakry (Guinea)]. Revue française de gynécologie et d'obstétrique (in French). 84 (5): 419–22. PMID 2740711.
  5. Toure, B.; Thonneau, P.; Cantrelle, P.; Barry, T.M.; Ngo-Khac, T.; Papiernik, E. (1992). "Level and causes of maternal mortality in Guinea (West Africa)". International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 37 (2): 89–95. doi:10.1016/0020-7292(92)90487-4. PMID 1348707.
  6. Diallo, MS; Diallo, TS; Diallo, FB; Diallo, Y; Camara, AY; Onivogui, G; Keita, N; Diawo, SA (1995). "Anémie et grossesse : étude épidémiologique, clinique et pronostique à la clinique universitaire de l'hôpital Ignace Deen, Conakry (Guinée)" [Anemia and pregnancy. Epidemiologic, clinical and prognostic study at the university clinic of the Ignace Deen Hospital, Conakry (Guinea)]. Revue française de gynécologie et d'obstétrique (in French). 90 (3): 138–41. PMID 7784781.
  7. Magassouba FB, Sow B, Dieng A, Loua A, Camara M, Balde MA, International Conference on AIDS (Jul 9–14, 2000). "Sexually transmitted disease among pregnant women in the maternity service of the university hospital Ignace Deen". Int Conf AIDS. Retrieved 2011-03-17.
  8. Fofana, M; Toure, S; Dadhi Balde, M; Damby Balde, O; Sow, T; Bah, MK (1988). "Chronic pulmonary heart. Apropos of 41 cases at the Cardiology Department of the Ignace-Deen University Hospital in Conakry". Annales de cardiologie et d'angéiologie. 37 (8): 425–8. PMID 3190143.
  9. Jang, Minyoung; Sakadi, Foksouna; Tassiou, Nana R.; Abass, Cissé F.; Grundy, Sara J.; Woga, Arcer; Kenda, Bah A.; Lamine, Condé M.; Talibé, Balde A.; Qiu, Hongxiang; Cohen, Joseph M.; Carone, Marco; Mateen, Farrah J.; Guinea Epilepsy, Project (October 2018). "Impact of poorly controlled epilepsy in the Republic of Guinea". Seizure. 61: 71–77. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2018.07.018. PMC 6168342. PMID 30114675.
  10. Anand, Pria; Othon, Guelngar Carlos; Sakadi, Foksouna; Tassiou, Nana Rahamatou; Hamani, Abdoul Bachir Djibo; Bah, Aissatou Kenda; Allaramadji, Beindé Tertus; Barry, Djenabou Negue; Vogel, Andre; Cisse, Fodé Abass; Mateen, Farrah Jasmine; Guinea Epilepsy, Project (March 2019). "Epilepsy and traditional healers in the Republic of Guinea: A mixed methods study". Epilepsy & Behavior. 92: 276–282. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.01.017. PMC 6433505. PMID 30731293.
  11. Williams, Jennifer A.; Cisse, Fodé Abass; Schaekermann, Mike; Sakadi, Foksouna; Tassiou, Nana Rahamatou; Hotan, Gladia C.; Bah, Aissatou Kenda; Hamani, Abdoul Bachir Djibo; Lim, Andrew; Leung, Edward C.W.; Fantaneanu, Tadeu A.; Milligan, Tracey A.; Khatri, Vidita; Hoch, Daniel B.; Vyas, Manav V.; Lam, Alice D.; Cohen, Joseph M.; Vogel, Andre C.; Law, Edith; Mateen, Farrah J.; Guinea Epilepsy, Project (October 2019). "Smartphone EEG and remote online interpretation for children with epilepsy in the Republic of Guinea: Quality, characteristics, and practice implications". Seizure. 71: 93–99. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2019.05.025. PMC 6783351. PMID 31229939.
  12. Fitts, Whitney; Rahamatou, Nana Tassiou; Abass, Cisse Fode; Vogel, Andre C.; Ghislain, Atakla Hugues; Sakadi, Foksouna; Hongxiang, Qiu; Conde, Mohamed Lamine; Baldé, Amadou Talibé; Hamani, Abdoul Bachir Djibo; Bah, Aissatou Kenda; Anand, Pria; Patenaude, Bryan; Mateen, Farrah J. (August 2019). "School status and its associations among children with epilepsy in the Republic of Guinea". Epilepsy & Behavior. 97: 275–281. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.05.040. PMC 6702082. PMID 31260925.
  13. Mateen, Farrah J; Leung, K H Benjamin; Vogel, Andre C; Cissé, Abass Fode; Chan, Timothy C Y (April 2020). "A drone delivery network for antiepileptic drugs: a framework and modelling case study in a low-income country". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 114 (4): 308–314. doi:10.1093/trstmh/trz131. PMC 7139124. PMID 31943110.
  14. Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch (1988). Processus d'urbanisation en Afrique actes des journées d'études, Paris, décembre 1985 Villes et entreprises. Editions L'Harmattan. p. 99. ISBN 2-7384-0083-3.
  15. Alhassane Condé (2003). La décentralisation en Guinée: une expérience réussie. Editions L'Harmattan. p. 21. ISBN 2-7475-3787-0.
  16. André Lewin (2010). Ahmed Sékou Touré (1922–1984) Président de la Guinée de 1958 à 1984: Tome 5, Mai 1962-Mars 1969. Editions L'Harmattan. p. 13. ISBN 978-2-296-11254-4.
  17. Thierno Bah (1996). Mon combat pour la Guinée. KARTHALA Editions. p. 90. ISBN 2-86537-687-7.
  18. Thierry Pontus (2005). J'étais médecin dans Srebrenica assiégée: au prélude du grand massacre. Editions L'Harmattan. p. 6. ISBN 2-7475-8904-8.
  19. Jacques Larrue (1997). Fria en Guinée: première usine d'alumine en terre d'Afrique. KARTHALA Editions. p. 371. ISBN 2-86537-765-2.
  20. "National Reference Laboratories". African Society for Laboratory Medecine.
  21. Oumar Sivory Doumbouya (2008). Les ONG féminines en Guinée: instrument au service de la promotion féminine. Editions L'Harmattan. p. 29. ISBN 978-2-296-06717-2.
  22. O. Tity Faye (2008). Guinée: chronique d'une démocratie annoncée. Editions L'Harmattan. p. 85. ISBN 978-2-296-05098-3.
  23. "GUINEAN CRISIS: Corpses on show at Independence Day rally". Reuters. October 2, 2009. Retrieved 2011-03-17.
  24. "Guinean soldiers stand guard in front of the mortuary at Ignace Deen hospital". Reuters. Retrieved 2011-03-17.
  25. Mohamed Tétémadi Bangoura; Dominique Bangoura (2010). Gouvernance et réforme du secteur de la sécurité en Guinée: défis démocratiques et de refondation. Editions L'Harmattan. p. 156. ISBN 978-2-296-11780-8.
  26. BAH Abdoulaye (26 November 2010). "Limogée par Jean Marie Doré, la Directrice de l'Hôpital Ignace Deen rétablie par Sékouba Konaté !". InfoGuinee (in French). Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-17.
  27. Mohamed Sylla et Blo Kouyaté. "Hôpital Ignace Deen, Mme Condé Djene Kaba rend visite aux intoxiqués du Palais du peuple, Une femme de compassion et de caractère". Rpgguinee (in French). Archived from the original on 2011-01-20. Retrieved 2011-03-17.
  28. Louis Esperant Celestin (2 November 2010). "CHU Ignace Deen: Les Malades du RPG gueria par miracle". Kibarou (in French). Retrieved 2011-03-17.
  29. Thierno Abdoul Barry (26 November 2010). "Hôpital Ignace Deen: Dr Fatoumata Binta Diallo réhabilité à ses fonctions". kabanews (in French). Retrieved 2011-03-17.
  30. Hady GUISSE (5 January 2011). "Décret portant nomination du Directeur Général de l'Hôpital Ignace Deen". aminata (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-17.
  31. Thierno Abdoul Barry (5 January 2011). "Dr Mohamed Awada nommé Directeur Général de l'hôpital Ignace Deen". Kaba News (in French). Retrieved 2011-03-17.
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