Ida Rolf

Ida Pauline Rolf (May 19, 1896 – March 19, 1979[2]) was a biochemist and the creator of Structural Integration or "Rolfing", a pseudoscientific alternative medicine practice.

Ida Pauline Rolf
Born(1896-05-19)May 19, 1896
Bronx, New York
DiedMarch 19, 1979(1979-03-19) (aged 82)
Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania[1]
NationalityAmerican
CitizenshipUnited States
Alma materBarnard College, Columbia University
Known forStructural Integration ("Rolfing")

Early life and education

Rolf was born in New York City in the Bronx on May 19, 1896. She was an only child. Her father, Bernard Rolf, was a civil engineer who built docks and piers on the east coast.

Rolf graduated from Barnard College in 1916 with a bachelor's degree in chemistry. She was in the Mathematics Club, German Club, Vice President of the class of 1916, a member of the Young Women's Christian Assn., was the alternate for the Graduate Fellowship while working at the Rockefeller Foundation, Business Manager of The Barnard Bulletin, and a member of Phi Beta Kappa. She received Departmental Honours in Chemistry at graduation. In 1917 she began her doctoral studies at Columbia University and, concurrently, Rolf also began work at the Rockefeller Institute as a chemical researcher.

In 1920, Rolf earned her PhD in biological chemistry under the supervision of Phoebus Aaron Theodore Levene, of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. Her dissertation was entitled "Three Contributions to the Chemistry of the Unsaturated Phosphatides", originally printed in three separate issues of "The Journal of Biological Chemistry", it was again printed in its entirety as a bound book in late 1922, "Phosphatides".

Throughout the decade, she studied yoga and tantra with Pierre Bernard.

Career

After graduating, Rolf continued to work with Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York City. In 1918, she was promoted to assistant in the chemistry lab.

In 1922, two years after having received her PhD from Columbia, Rolf was raised to associate, then the highest non-tenured position for a scientist at Rockefeller.[3]

From 1919 to 1927, she published 16 scholarly journal papers, mostly in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. Her research was primarily laboratory studies on biochemical compounds lecithin and cephalin. With the exception of her doctoral dissertation, all of her published work was co-authored with Levene.[3]

In 1926, Rolf left her academic work in New York, to study mathematics and atomic physics at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and also biochemistry at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France.[3]

Rolf later developed Structural Integration. In addition to her 16 academic papers published from 1919 to 1927, she would later publish two papers in scholarly journals on Structural Integration. She had an h-index of 10 with a total number of 299 citations (February, 2007).

In the mid-1960s, she began teaching her Structural Integretion method at Esalen Institute.[4] Esalen was the epicenter of the Human Potential Movement, allowing Rolf to exchange ideas with many contemporary visionaries, including Fritz Perls.[5][6]

In 1971, Rolf´s teaching activities were consolidated under the Rolf Institute of Structural Integration (RISI).[7][8] As of 2010, RISI had graduated 1536 practitioners, including some trained in Germany, Brazil, Japan, and Australia, in addition to the main program in Boulder, Colorado. In 1990, a group of senior faculty split off to found the Guild of Structural Integration, which had 628 graduates as of 2010. Currently there are about two dozen schools teaching Structural Integration.[9] Standards for the field of Structural Integration are maintained by a professional membership organization, the International Association of Structural Integration.[10]

In addition to the proliferation of programs that are devoted specifically to Structural Integration, Rolf's concepts and methods have influenced a wide range of other contemporary manual therapies. A growing number of organizations offer training in "structural bodywork" or in techniques of fascial manipulation that are clearly derivative but lack the holistic perspective of Structural Integration, instead focusing only on the treatment of specific symptoms (i.e. massage therapists, chiropractors or physical therapists).[9][10]

Structural Integration (Rolfing)
Main article: Rolfing

Structural Integration (or Rolfing) is a type of manual therapy that claims to improve human biomechanical functioning as a whole rather than to treat particular symptoms.[11] Rolf began developing her system in the 1940s. Her main goal was to organize the human bodily structure in relation to gravity. Rolf called her method "Structural Integration", now also commonly known by the trademark "Rolfing".[12]

Structural integration is a pseudoscience and its claimed benefits are not substantiated by medical evidence.[13][14]

Publications on structural integration
  • 1978 VERTICAL - Experiential Side to Human Potential, Journal of Humanistic Psychology
  • 1973 Structural Integration - Contribution to understanding of stress, Confinia Psychiatrica
  • 1979 Rolfing: Reestablishing the Natural Alignment and Structural Integration of the Human Body for Vitality and Well-Being, Healing Arts Press

Personal life

Rolf was married to Walter Frederick Demmerle, an electrical and mechanical engineer who held patents for heating thermostats, and traveled abroad frequently with his work. They resided in Stony Brook, New York, and Manhasset, New York, while raising a family. They had two sons, Alan Michael Demmerle and Richard Rolf Demmerle, a chiropractor and also a Rolfing instructor and practitioner.

Notes
  1. "Funeral services". The Morning News. Wilmington, Delaware. March 22, 1979. Retrieved 30 April 2016. Funeral services will be tomorrow for Dr. Ida P. Rolf, founder of the Rolf Institute in Colorado and creator of the 'rolfing' physical therapy technique. She died Monday in Bryn Mawr, Pa., at 82.(subscription required)
  2. "Guild for Structural Integration: Ida P. Rolf, Ph.D. - Ida P. Rolf Method training and information". Archived from the original on 2011-02-04.
  3. Johnson, Sam (2007). "Ida Rolf and the Two Paradigms". International Association of Structural Integrators (IASI) Yearbook.
  4. Stillerman, Elaine (2009). Modalities for Massage and Bodywork. Mosby. pp. 152, 157, 329–345. ISBN 978-0323052559.
  5. Claire, Thomas (1995). Bodywork: What Type of Massage to Get and How to Make the Most of It. William Morrow and Co. pp. 40–56. ISBN 9781591202325.
  6. Perls, Frederick (1969). In and Out of the Garbage Pail. Real People Press. ISBN 9780911226041.
  7. "Business Search (search for 'Rolf Institute')". Secretary of State, CA.
  8. Stirling, Isabel. Zen Pioneer: The Life & Works of Ruth Fuller Sasaki (2006) Shoemaker & Hoard. ISBN 978-1-59376-110-3 p. 8.
  9. Jacobson, Eric: The Journal of alternative and complementary medicine. Volume 17, Number 9, 2011, p. 778.
  10. Myers, Tom: Structural Integration. Developments in Ida Rolf´s recipe. I. J Bodywork Movement Ther 2004, pp. 131-142.
  11. Jacobson, Eric: The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. Volume 17, Number 9, 2011, p.775.
  12. Salvo, Susan G. (2012). Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice (4 ed.). Elsevier Saunders. p. 423]. ISBN 978-1437719772.
  13. Cordón, LA (January 2005). Rolfing. Popular Psychology: An Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 217–218. ISBN 978-0-313-32457-4.
  14. Baggoley C (2015). "Review of the Australian Government Rebate on Natural Therapies for Private Health Insurance" (PDF). Australian Government – Department of Health. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016. Lay summary – Gavura, S. Australian review finds no benefit to 17 natural therapies. Science-Based Medicine. (19 November 2015).

References
  • Feitis, Rosemary. 1985. Rolfing and Physical Reality. Healing Arts Press
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