Hydrichthys sarcotretis

Hydrichthys sarcotretis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Cnidaria
Class:	Hydrozoa
Order:	Anthoathecata
Family:	Pandeidae
Genus:	Hydrichthys
Species:	H. sarcotretis
Binomial name
	Hydrichthys sarcotretis; (Jungersen, 1913)[1]
Synonyms
	Ichthyocodium sarcotretis Jungersen, 1913;

Hydrichthys sarcotretis is a species of colonial marine hydrozoans now included in the family Pandeidae. The polyps of members of this genus are parasitic and attach themselves to a fish. H. sarcotretis is a species that exhibits hyperparasitism by attaching itself to a copepod, itself the parasite of a fish.

In H. sarcotretis, parasitism is taken a stage further when the hydrozoan attaches itself to the copepod Cardiodectes medusaeus. This is itself an ectoparasite of the Northern lampfish (Stenobrachius leucopsarus) in the family Myctophidae. The copepod attaches itself to the bulbus arteriosus of the fish. Such a parasitic chain is known as hyperparasitism.[2] The actions of the copepod castrate its fish host. Both male and female fish do not reproduce and seem to grow faster when attacked by the copepod and it seems to have a negligible energy demand from them.[3] The hydrozoan parasite castrates the copepod, a process called hypercastration.[2]

References

Additions and corrections to the paper" On a new Gymnoblastic Hydroid (Ichthyocodium sarcotretis) epizoic on a new parasitic Copepod (Sarcotretes scopeli) infesting …HFE Jungersen, 1913
Bush, Albert O. (2001). Parasitism: the diversity and ecology of animal parasites. Google Books. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-521-66447-9.
"Effects of the copepod Cardiodectes medusaeus on the laternfish Stenobrachius leucopsarus with notes on hypercastration by the hydroid Hydrichthys sp.". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 56 (11): 2372–6. 1978. doi:10.1139/z78-321.

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[1] Additions and corrections to the paper" On a new Gymnoblastic Hydroid (Ichthyocodium sarcotretis) epizoic on a new parasitic Copepod (Sarcotretes scopeli) infesting …HFE Jungersen, 1913

[GB-2] Bush, Albert O. (2001). Parasitism: the diversity and ecology of animal parasites. Google Books. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-521-66447-9.

[3] "Effects of the copepod Cardiodectes medusaeus on the laternfish Stenobrachius leucopsarus with notes on hypercastration by the hydroid Hydrichthys sp.". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 56 (11): 2372–6. 1978. doi:10.1139/z78-321.