Hubert Hamilton

Major General Hubert Ion Wetherall Hamilton CB CVO DSO (27 June 1861 – 14 October 1914) was a senior British general who served with distinction throughout his career, seeing battle in the Mahdist War in Egypt and the Second Boer War in South Africa, before being given command of the British Third Division at the outbreak of the First World War. Just two and a half months later at the height of the Race for the Sea, General Hamilton was killed by artillery fire whilst surveying the front line, the first British divisional commander to be killed in action during the conflict. He had received several honours for his service and was popular amongst his men, who nicknamed him "Hammy" and expressed sorrow at his death; each regiment in his division despatched representatives to his funeral, despite being involved in heavy fighting less than a mile away.

Hubert Ion Wetherall Hamilton
Hubert Hamilton
Nickname(s)Hammy
Born27 June 1861
Died14 October 1914 (aged 53)
La Couture, France
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service/branch British Army
Years of service1880 – 1914
RankMajor General
UnitQueen's Royal Regiment, General Staff
Commands held7th Infantry Brigade
North Midland Division
3rd Division
Battles/warsMahdist War

Second Boer War
First World War

AwardsCompanion of the Order of the Bath
Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Distinguished Service Order

Early life

Born in 1861, Hubert Hamilton was the son of General Henry Meade Hamilton, CB, and one of four brothers to enter military service, including General Sir Bruce Meade Hamilton (1857-1936). As a child the brothers were surrounded by military figures; in addition to their father, their brother-in-law was General Sir George Pomeroy Colley, who was killed in action at the battle of Majuba Hill in 1881.[1] Hamilton was educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College and, following attendance at the Royal Military College, entered service with the 2nd Foot Regiment (Queen's Royal Regiment) in 1880.[2][3]

Military career

In the early 1880s he travelled to India with his regiment, and there was involved in the Burma Expedition 1886 to 1888, remaining in the country as Adjutant from 1886[4] to 1890 and winning the campaign medal with two clasps.[5] He was promoted to Captain in December 1890.[6] By 1896 he was back in England, and was appointed an ADC to Major-General Thomas Kelly-Kenny, commanding an Infantry brigade at Aldershot Garrison.[7]

In the following year, he was involved in the Mahdist War, when he accompanied Lord Kitchener's army against the Mahdist forces, fighting at the battle of Atbara and the battle of Omdurman, and in November 1899 as Deputy Adjutant general in the final advance against the Khalifa during the Battle of Umm Diwaykarat.[8] He was mentioned in Despatches (5 September 1898[9]) and rewarded for his service with the Distinguished Service Order (DSO)[10] and the Imperial Ottoman Order (Fourth Class) from the Khedive of Egypt.[11]

In late 1899 he left Egypt and immediately engaged in another war, against the Boers in South Africa, where he was again appointed ADC to Major-General Kelly-Kenny, by now commander of the 6th Division.[12] From January 1900 he was a staff officer with the role of Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General,[13] and performed so well in this position that he was advanced to Assistant Adjutant-General in July 1900[14][15] and recommended to Lord Kitchener as a personal aide-de-camp and Military Secretary from November 1900.[16] He was engaged in operations in the Orange Free State, Transvaal and Cape Colony and also saw action at the battle of Paardeberg, for which he was Mentioned in Despatches three times (31 March 1900,[17] 16 April 1901,[18] 29 July 1902[19]) and awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with four clasps and King's South Africa Medal with two clasps.[20] For his field service, he was appointed ADC to the King, and given a brevet promotion to Colonel.[21] With the war's successful conclusion, Hamilton returned home in June 1902,[22] carrying the peace despatches from Lord Kitchener to the government and the King, who received him at Windsor Castle.[23] Less than six months later, Hamilton accompanied Kitchener to India, again as his Military Secretary,[24][25] and received the substantive rank of Colonel on 28 November 1902.[26] In 1906 he left Kitchener's service to assume command of the 7th Brigade and was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath.[27] In 1908 Hamilton left 7th Brigade for a promotion to Major General and an appointment as Chief of General Staff in the Mediterranean.[5] In 1909 he was made a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order.[28] His last peacetime appointment was in England, commanding the North Midland Division of the Territorial Force from 1911.[29]

First World War

Hamilton received command of the 3rd Division in June 1914,[30] and at the outbreak of the First World War immediately took the force to France with the British Expeditionary Force in the II Corps under General Horace Smith-Dorrien. During August and September, Hamilton's force was almost continuously engaged, fighting at the battle of Mons, Le Cateau and along the lines of the Marne River. In exhausting combat, casualties were massive and Hamilton came close to death on 26 September when a shell landed just feet away from where he and two other generals were discussing operations. Luckily for them however, the munition did not detonate.[5] In spite of difficult conditions of the campaign, Hamilton shared his men's hardships and was frequently in the front line, earning the affectionate nickname "Hammy" from his subordinates.[31]

Death

Hamilton's luck did not last. As British, French and German units raced for the Picardy coast during the Race for the Sea, Hamilton's division was in the vanguard and was heavily engaged in the opening weeks of October. On 14 October, Hamilton and several aides-de-camp traveled to the village of La Couture near Béthune on the front lines to witness the situation and had just dismounted from their horses when a large shrapnel shell detonated yards overhead. The officers who accompanied him were unhurt but a single bullet entered General Hamilton's forehead, killing him instantly. An aide of General Hamilton, William Congreve, wrote in his diary: "14 October, La Couture, Hammy is dead, and we lose a splendid soldier and I a very good friend."[5]

Hubert Hamilton

1861 – 1914
Question not but live and labour
Till your goal be won
Helping every feeble neighbour,
Seeking help from none.

Hamilton was buried in the churchyard at La Couture, against the church wall with General Smith-Dorrien in attendance and a representative of each regiment in the division as an honour guard. The only light was provided by car headlamps, and shellfire occasionally forced the chaplain to pause in the service. Indeed, fighting was so close during the brief ceremony that enemy bullets occasionally struck the walls and nearby graves, although none of the mourners were hit.[5] General Smith-Dorrien concluded the service with the words "Indeed a true soldier's grave. God rest his soul."[5]

Legacy

Once the fighting had moved on, his body was exhumed and returned to England, before being reburied at St Martin's Church in Cheriton.[32] His gravestone quotes a verse from Australian poet Adam Lindsay Gordon. A memorial tablet bearing his portrait in profile was placed inside the same church.[33]

A large plaque was also dedicated to him anonymously in St Peter's Church at Marchington, Staffordshire (where he lived before the war[29]) stating "I have fought the good fight. I have finished my course. I have kept faith".[5] Years after his death his collected papers, mainly pertaining to the Second Boer War, were donated to the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives at King's College London, where they are still available.[34]

Notes
  1. Lt-Gen. Henry Meade Hamilton, thePeerage.com, Retrieved 24 August 2007
  2. Old Haileyburians Who Died in the Service of Their Country 1914, Haileybury School, Retrieved 24 August 2007
  3. "No. 24872". The London Gazette. 10 August 1880. p. 4364.
  4. "No. 25665". The London Gazette. 18 January 1887. p. 275.
  5. P.69-70, Bloody Red Tabs, Davies & Maddocks
  6. "No. 26126". The London Gazette. 20 January 1891. p. 361.
  7. "No. 26730". The London Gazette. 14 April 1896. p. 2254.
  8. "No. 27159". The London Gazette. 30 January 1900. p. 597.
  9. "No. 27009". The London Gazette. 30 September 1898. p. 5729.
  10. "No. 27023". The London Gazette. 15 November 1898. p. 6689.
  11. "No. 27217". The London Gazette. 3 August 1900. p. 4782.
  12. "No. 27143". The London Gazette. 12 December 1899. p. 8331.
  13. "No. 27226". The London Gazette. 4 September 1900. p. 5464.
  14. "No. 27234". The London Gazette. 2 October 1900. p. 6034.
  15. "No. 27311". The London Gazette. 7 May 1901. p. 3127.
  16. "No. 27285". The London Gazette. 15 February 1901. p. 1155.
  17. "No. 27282". The London Gazette. 8 February 1901. p. 844.
  18. "No. 27305". The London Gazette. 16 April 1901. p. 2602.
  19. "No. 27459". The London Gazette. 29 July 1902. p. 4835.
  20. Hamilton, HIW Archived 14 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Anglo Boer War, pre-war DSO recipients, Retrieved 27 October 2007
  21. "No. 27448". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 June 1902. p. 4193.
  22. "The Army in South Africa - Troops returning home". The Times (36790). London. 10 June 1902. p. 14.
  23. "The Peace - Arrival of the Peace despatches". The Times (36801). London. 23 June 1902. p. 7.
  24. "Naval & Military intelligence - Lord Kitchener´s staff". The Times (36857). London. 27 August 1902. p. 4.
  25. "No. 27532". The London Gazette. 6 March 1903. p. 1511.
  26. "No. 27534". The London Gazette. 13 March 1903. p. 1695.
  27. "No. 27926". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 June 1906. p. 4460.
  28. "No. 28246". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 April 1909. p. 3277.
  29. Kelly's Handbook of the Titled, Landed and Official Classes, 1913. Kelly's. p. 795.
  30. "No. 28838". The London Gazette. 9 June 1914. p. 4536.
  31. Centre for First World War Studies, University of Birmingham, Retrieved 24 August 2007
  32. Major-General Hubert Ian Wetherall Hamilton, Commonwealth War Graves Commission, Retrieved 24 August 2007
  33. "Major-General H.I.W. Hamilton". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  34. Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, Archived 31 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine King's College London, Retrieved 24 August 2007

References
Military offices
Preceded by
Hugh Archdale		 GOC North Midland Division
1911–1914		 Succeeded by
Edward Montagu-Stuart-Wortley
Preceded by
Henry Rawlinson		 General Officer Commanding the 3rd Division
May 1914–October 1914		 Succeeded by
Colin Mackenzie
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