Holacanthella

Holacanthella is a genus of giant springtails in the family Neanuridae, found only in New Zealand. Up to 17 mm in length, they are the largest springtails in the world.[1]

Holacanthella
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Entognatha (disputed)
Subclass:
Collembola
Order:
Poduromorpha
Superfamily:
Neanuroidea
Family:
Neanuridae
Subfamily:
Uchidanurinae
Genus:
Holacanthella

Börner, 1906

Description
Holacanthella spinosa, Franz Josef, New Zealand

Holacanthella species are usually dark bluish-grey in colour, with distinctive brightly-coloured spine-like projections (called digitations) on their skin. The digitations range in colour from dark to white to yellow to red, even within a single species like H. paucispinosa, in which different colour morphs occur side by side and vary geographically.[1]

Most Collembola are only 1–3 mm in length, but Holcanthella average 6–10 mm, and some individuals of H. duospinosa have been recorded as reaching 17 mm, making them the largest known species of springtail.[1] Unlike most springtails, Holacanthella lack a furcula and cannot jump.

Distribution
H. paucispinosa, Fraser's Gully, Dunedin, New Zealand

Holacanthella are decomposers, relying on rotting hardwood logs for food. They have been recorded only from indigenous native bush in New Zealand, preferring diverse, mature forest that has never been logged.[2] They appear to be absent from regrown forest, possibly because they are poor at recolonising former habitats; their presence may in fact be an indicator of forest health.[3]

Species
  • Holacanthella spinosa (Lubbock, 1899)
  • Holacanthella paucispinosa (Salmon, 1941)
  • Holacanthella brevispinosa (Salmon, 1942)
  • Holacanthella duospinosa (Salmon, 1942)
  • Holacanthella laterospinosa (Salmon, 1944)

References
  1. Stevens, Mark I.; Winter, David J.; Morris, Rod; McCartney, Jay; Greenslade, Penelope (2007). "New Zealand's giant Collembola: New information on distribution and morphology for Holacanthella Börner, 1906 (Neanuridae: Uchidanurinae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 34 (1): 63–78. doi:10.1080/03014220709510065. ISSN 0301-4223.
  2. Stevens, Mark I.; McCartney, Jay; Stringer, Ian A.N. (2007). "New Zealand's forgotten biodiversity: different techniques reveal new records for 'giant' springtails". New Zealand Entomologist. 30 (1): 79–84. doi:10.1080/00779962.2007.9722154.
  3. Winter, David (29 August 2010). "Sunday Spinelessness - New Zealand's GIANT Springtails". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 34: 63–78. doi:10.1080/03014220709510065. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
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