Hipparchia genava

Hipparchia genava, the lesser rock grayling, is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.[1]

Hipparchia genava
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Nymphalidae
Genus: Hipparchia
Species:
H. genava
Binomial name
Hipparchia genava
(Fruhstorfer, 1908)
Synonyms
  • Eumenis fagi genava Fruhstorfer, 1908
  • Hipparchia hermione genava (Fruhstorfer 1908)

Taxonomy

Some authors consider this species separate from Hipparchia alcyone, mainly on the basis of larval morphology, but doubts are still raised by other authors. Some DNA study should clarify the situation.[2]

Distribution

This species can be found only in Italy, in France (Alps, Massif Central, Jura) and in southwestern Switzerland. However the distribution is poorly known.[3][4][5]

Habitat

These butterflies live in open woodland with grass,[5] in dry grassland slopes, in nutrient-poor grasslands and in rocky areas.[3]

Description

Hipparchia genava has a wingspan of about 30 millimetres (1.2 in). The basic color of the upperside of the wings is dark brown, with a large whitish band and a white fringe. The underside of the hindwings shows a large white band with a large indent in the middle. Also the underside of the forewings has a white band, usually with an indent below an apical eyespot.[5]

This species is rather similar to Hipparchia fagi and Hipparchia alcyone. These three species can be separated on the basis of their different distribution or by an inspection of the genitalia of the male.[3][5] In particular, it is necessary to examine the Jullien's organs, a structure located at the end of the abdomen of the male, close to the genitalia, comprising a series of small black batons. Hipparchia genava have 7-12 black batons. Hipparchia fagi from 2 to 4, Hipparchia alcyone from 15 to 25.[6]

Biology

Adults fly from June to August.[5][7] The caterpillars feed on grasses (Poaceae) (Festuca ovina, etc.). This species hibernates as a caterpillar. Larvae are mature in May and June.[3]

Bibliography
  • LepIndex: The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Beccaloni G.W., Scoble M.J., Robinson G.S. & Pitkin B.

References
  1. Catalogue of life
  2. E. Balletto, L. A. Cassulo & S. Bonelli An annotated Checklist of the Italian Butterflies and Skippers (Papilionoidea, Hesperiioidea) Magnolia Press - Auckland, New Zealand (2014)
  3. Lepidoptera and their ecology
  4. Info Fauna
  5. Euro Butterflies by Matt Rowlings
  6. Natura Mediterraneo
  7. Papillons de Poitou-Charentes


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