Henry Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick

Henry de Beauchamp, 14th Earl and 1st Duke of Warwick (22 March 1425 – 11 June 1446[1]) was an English nobleman.

He was the son of Richard Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick, and Isabel le Despenser. In 1434, Henry married Cecily Neville, the eldest daughter of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, and Alice Montagu, Countess of Salisbury.

He became 14th Earl of Warwick on his father's death in 1439. His boyhood friendship with King Henry VI and his father's military services placed him high in the King's favour, and he was loaded with titles. In 1444, he was made premier Earl of the realm, and on 14 April 1445, was created Duke of Warwick,[2] and around the same time, granted the Forest of Feckenham.[3]

As Duke of Warwick, he was preceded only by the Duke of Norfolk. This precedence was disputed by the Duke of Buckingham, whom it displaced. However, the issue was rendered moot by his death in June, at which time the dukedom expired for lack of heirs-male. He is said to have been crowned King of the Isle of Wight in 1444[4] by Henry VI, to place his playmate on a more equal standing with him, but this story is considered unhistorical.[2][5]

On his death, the earldom was inherited by his two-year-old daughter, Anne (1443 – 3 June 1449[6]), suo jure Countess of Warwick. She, however, died three years later, and there was some question regarding who, if any, of her father's sisters (or their heirs) should succeed.[7] In the end, his full sister Anne (who was married to Richard Neville, eldest son of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury, and brother to Beauchamp's widow) was declared the heir, due to the English common law principle that "possession by the brother makes the sister the heir", which denies relatives of the half-blood from inheriting when full-blood relatives are available to inherit. The three half-sisters from their father's first marriage contested this decision, but to no avail.

References
  1. Carpenter, Christine. "Beauchamp, Henry, duke of Warwick", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 23 September 2004. Accessed 21 November 2018.
  2. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Warwick, Earls of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 338.
  3. Raymond Grant (1991). The royal forests of England. Wolfeboro Falls, NH: Alan Sutton. ISBN 0-86299-781-X. OL 1878197M. 086299781X. See p169
  4. William Camden, Britain, or, a Chorographicall Description of the most flourishing Kingdomes, England, Scotland, and Ireland (London, 1610)
  5. Dictionary of National Biography (New York: Macmillan, 1985) vol. 4, p. 28
  6. Hicks, Michael (1998). Warwick the Kingmaker, pp. 30, 39. Blackwell, Oxford. ISBN 0-631-16259-3.
  7. 'Parishes: Flamstead', A History of the County of Hertford: volume 2 (1908), pp. 193-201. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43269. Date accessed: 11 January 2008.
Peerage of England
Preceded by
Richard de Beauchamp		 Earl of Warwick
1439–1446		 Succeeded by
Anne Beauchamp
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