Heniochus monoceros

Heniochus monoceros, the masked bannerfish, is a marine ray-finned fish, a butterflyfish belonging to the family Chaetodontidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific area.

Heniochus monoceros
Heniochus monoceros from Maldives
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Chaetodontidae
Genus: Heniochus
Species:
H. monoceros
Binomial name
Heniochus monoceros
G. Cuvier, 1831
Synonyms[2]
  • Taurichthys monoceros (Cuvier, 1831)

Description

The masked bannerfish is a small-sized fish that can reach a maximum length of 23 cm.[3][4] Its body is compressed laterally, the first rays of its dorsal fin stretch in a white filament outlined with yellow. The background body color is white with two black vertical bands. The first band masks its face starting at its mouth, and runs to the base of the first rays of the dorsal fin including at the same time its snout and eyes. The lips are white and a fin whitish band runs between the eyes and another one occurs on top of the eyes. the masked bannerfish has a small growth on the axis of the forehead from which radiates a bright whitish to yellowish area. The second band is right in the middle of the fish side. A yellow area extends from the posterior edge of the second black band to the middle of the anal fin including on the way the dorsal and caudal fins. Within this yellow area close to the caudal peduncle, a brown-yellow blotch, variable in size from one fish to another, emerges.

Heniochus monoceros

Distribution & habitat

The masked bannerfish is widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific area from the eastern coast of Africa to Polynesia and from south Japan to New-Caledonia).[1][5]

The masked bannerfish typically lives in external reef slopes and in lagoon rich in corals, at a depth of 2–30 metres (6 ft 7 in–98 ft 5 in).[6][7]

Biology

Depending on the geographic area, the masked bannerfish lives in pairs or in groups (i.e. especially along island reefs in the Indian Ocean) but always close by its shelter reef and feeds on benthic invertebrates.[8][5]

Conservation status

In some geographic area the masked bannerfish is harvested occasionally for the aquarium trade. However, there do not appear to be any current threats to this species and it is listed as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN.[1]

References
  1. Myers, R. & Pratchett, M. (2010). "Heniochus monoceros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T165650A6080493. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T165650A6080493.en. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  2. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). "Heniochus monoceros" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  3. Heemstra, P.C., 1986. Chaetodontidae. p. 627-632. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  4. Rudie Kuiter, “Chaetodontidae & Microcanthidae”, Aquatic Photographics, 2004, ISBN 0953909735
  5. Ewald Lieske & Richard Myers (2002). Coral reef fishes. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691089959.
  6. Dianne J. Bray, 2011, Masked Bannerfish, Heniochus monoceros, in Fishes of Australia, accessed 26 Sep 2014, http://www.fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/2413
  7. Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene, 1988. Fishes of Christmas Island Indian Ocean. Christmas Island Natural History Association, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, 6798, Australia. 197 p.
  8. Rudie Kuiter, “Chaetodontidae & Microcanthidae”, Aquatic Photographics, 2004, ISBN 0953909735
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