Hematitida

Hematitida; Temporal range: Carboniferous PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Cephalopoda
Subclass:	Coleoidea
(unranked):	Belemnoidea
Order:	Hematitida; Doguzhaeva et al., 2002[1]
Family and Genera
	Hematitidae Hematites; Bactritimimus; Paleoconus;

Hematitida is a group of coleoid cephalopods known from the early Carboniferous Period. They are the oldest definite coleoids,[2] although there are controversial claims for even older coleoids from the Devonian.[3] Fossil hematitidans have so far been found only in Arkansas and Utah of the United States.[2] The only family described so far is Hematitidae.

Characteristics

Some features shared by hematitidans include

a short rostrum, made of aragonite and organic material, and bearing ridges
a short living chamber, only 1.5 to 2 times the length of the last chamber of the phragmocone
a spherical protoconch
a narrow, straight phragmocone
a multi-layered conotheca - the outer wall of the phragmocone
a narrow, ventral siphuncle[1]

Classification

The classification for this group comes from Doguzhaeva et al. 2003[4]

Order Hematitida Doguzhaeva, Mapes, & Mutvei, 2002

Family Hematitidae Gustomesov 1976
- Hematites Flower & Gordon 1959 - type genus
- Bactritimimus Flower & Gordon, 1959
- Paleoconus Flower & Gordon, 1959

References

Doguzhaeva, Larisa A.; Mapes, Royal H.; Mutvei, Harry (2002). "Shell morphology and ultrastructure of the Early Carboniferous coleoid Hematites Flower & Gordon, 1959 (Hematitida ord. nov.) from Midcontinent (USA)". Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt. 57: 299–320'. ISBN 3-85316-014-X. ISSN 0016-7800.
Nishiguchi, Michelle; Mapes, Royal K. (2008), "Cephalopoda", in Ponder, Winston F.; Lindberg, David R. (eds.), Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 163–199, ISBN 978-0-520-25092-5
Bandel, Klaus; Reitner, Joachim; Sturmer, Wilhelm (1983). "Coleoidea from the Devonian Black Slate ("Hunsruck-Schiefer")" (PDF). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. Stuttgart. 165 (3): 397–417.
Doguzhaeva, Larisa A.; Mapes, Royal H.; Mutvei, Harry (2003). "The shell and ink sac morphology and ultrastructure of the Late Pennsylvanian cephalopod Donovaniconus and its phylogenetic significance". Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen. 3: 61–78.

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[Doguzhaeva2002-1] Doguzhaeva, Larisa A.; Mapes, Royal H.; Mutvei, Harry (2002). "Shell morphology and ultrastructure of the Early Carboniferous coleoid Hematites Flower & Gordon, 1959 (Hematitida ord. nov.) from Midcontinent (USA)". Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt. 57: 299–320'. ISBN 3-85316-014-X. ISSN 0016-7800.

[Nishiguchi2008-2] Nishiguchi, Michelle; Mapes, Royal K. (2008), "Cephalopoda", in Ponder, Winston F.; Lindberg, David R. (eds.), Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 163–199, ISBN 978-0-520-25092-5

[Bandel1983-3] Bandel, Klaus; Reitner, Joachim; Sturmer, Wilhelm (1983). "Coleoidea from the Devonian Black Slate ("Hunsruck-Schiefer")" (PDF). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. Stuttgart. 165 (3): 397–417.

[Doguzhaeva2003-4] Doguzhaeva, Larisa A.; Mapes, Royal H.; Mutvei, Harry (2003). "The shell and ink sac morphology and ultrastructure of the Late Pennsylvanian cephalopod Donovaniconus and its phylogenetic significance". Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen. 3: 61–78.