Hartshorn Memorial College

Hartshorn Memorial College was a school for African-American women in Richmond, Virginia, from 1883–1932, when it merged into Virginia Union University.[1]

1901 photo of Hartshorn Memorial College graduates. Image found in the Richmond Planet newspaper - Volume 18, Number 24, 1 June 1901.

History

Hartshorn Memorial College was created in Richmond, Virginia, in 1883 as a college for the education of African-American women.[2] The college's namesake, Joseph C. Hartshorn donated the funds for the school in honour of his wife Rachel Hartshorn.[3] The school was co-founded by Dr. Lyman Beecher Tefft and Carrie Victoria Dyer.[4] Tefft became the first president while Dyer became the principal.[4][5][6] Classes started in the basement of the Leigh Street Ebenezer Baptist Church before moving to the corner of Lombardy and Leigh Street, the former Bowe plantation, in 1884.[7] The site is now occupied by the Maggie L. Walker Governor's School. Hartshorn was considered a sister school to the neighbouring Virginia Union University.[8]

In 1892 the school conferred three baccalaureate degrees, a first for an African-American women's college in the country.[8] Geoffrey W. Rigler replaced Tefft as president in 1912 while Dyer became dean for two years before resigning.[4] Hartshorn merged into Virginia Union University in 1932.[8] The seal of the school was a map of Africa and Madagascar in front of a rising sun with the Latin inscription, "Sigillum colegii" (college seal).[8]

Curriculum

While Hartshorn provided homemaking classes and technical training its focus was on academics.[8] Hartshorn was known for its teacher education including a "model classroom" program similar to today's student-teaching approach to help future students gain experience in the classroom.[8]

Health and fitness was also a large part of the curriculum. The faculty was mostly women, including Dr. Lyman Beecher Tefft's daughter Mary who worked for free given the school's small budget.[8] Only one African-American faculty member served at the school, Rosa Kinckle Jones, a graduate of Howard University and wife of Virginia Union University professor Joseph Endom Jones. She started at Hartshorn in 1888 and was a music instructor for almost 40 years.[8]

Campus life

The students at Hartshorn were closely supervised and it had a reputation for being a strict environment. Chapel attendance was required and any sweets were banned.[8] The students had to follow a strict dress code, were not allowed to use the streetcars, or go on dates on the weekends.[8] The young women participated in events with the men of Virginia Union University as well as events on their own campus such as "Industrial Teams" competitions.[8] They were encouraged to support temperance and abstain from wearing corsets.[8]

Legacy

Shortly after merging with Virginia Union University, Hartshorn's buildings were demolished.[8] The only physical reminder of the school is a memorial plaque on the campus of the Maggie L. Walker Governor's School Campus. The last known alumna of the school died in 2003.[8] The records of the Hartshorn Memorial College are held at the L. Douglas Wilder Library and Learning Resource Center at Virginia Union University and include catalogs and reunion materials.

Notable people

References
  1. Jessie Smith (1 January 2014). Handy African American History Answer Book. Visible Ink Press. pp. 109–. ISBN 978-1-57859-487-0. Hartshorn Memorial College, the first black women's college in the country, opened on November 7, 1883. ... In 1932 the college trustees conveyed the school's property to Virginia Union, merged with the school, and became Hartshorn ...
  2. Tamara Bertrand Jones; Lekita Scott Dawkins; Melanie Hayden Glover (2012). Pathways to Higher Education Administration for African American Women. Stylus Publishing, LLC. pp. 8–. ISBN 978-1-57922-250-5. Significant numbers of Black women also earned postsecondary degrees from historically Black colleges and universities. ... Additionally, Hartshorn Memorial College (Virginia) was established in 1883 as the first Black women's college in the ...
  3. Representative Men and Old Families of Rhode Island: Genealogical Records and Historical Sketches of Prominent and Representative Citizens and of Many of the Old Families ... J.H. Beers & Company. 1908. pp. 1543–. In September, 1850, Mr. Hartshorn removed to Providence, R. I., and became treasurer of the Providence Steam & Gas Pipe ... Ma Hartshorn, in memory of his wife, Rachel Hartshorn. founded the Hartshorn Memorial College in Richmond ...
  4. "Dyer, Carrie Victoria (1839–1921)". www.encyclopediavirginia.org. Retrieved 2016-08-19.
  5. Education. 45-. New England Publishing Company. 1924. pp. 212–. ... Lyman Beecher Tefft for about thirty years president of Hartshorn Memorial College, Richmond, Va.
  6. Howard Benjamin Grose (1927). Missions: A Baptist Monthly Magazine ... 18-. pp. 58–. Dr. Lyman Beecher Tefft The faculty and Alumnae of Hartshorn Memorial College were saddened by a message from Meshanticut Park, Rhode Island, telling of the death of Lyman B. Tefft, D.D., first president of Hartshorn Memorial College, ...
  7. "Virginia Union University | History". www.vuu.edu. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
  8. Hylton, Raymond (2014). Virginia Union University. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing.
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