Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt

Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt (June 2, 1885 – December 30, 1964) was a German neurologist and neuropathologist.[1] Although he is typically credited as the physician to first describe the Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, this has been disputed.[1][2][3] He was born in Harburg upon Elbe and died in Munich.

Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt
Creutzfeldt c. 1920
Born	June 2, 1885 Harburg upon Elbe, Hamburg, German Empire
Died	December 30, 1964 (aged 79) Munich, West Germany
Nationality	German
Occupation	Doctor
Known for	Research of brain diseases

Biography

Creutzfeldt was born into a medical family in Harburg, which was incorporated into Hamburg in 1937. In 1903, at the age of 18, he was drafted into the German army and spent his service stationed in Kiel. Afterwards, he attended the School of Medicine of the University of Jena and the University of Rostock,[4] receiving his doctorate at the latter in 1909. Part of his practical training was undertaken at St. Georg – Hospital in Hamburg. After qualification he sought adventure as a ship's surgeon, voyaging the Pacific Ocean, taking the opportunity to study local crafts, linguistics, and tropical plants.

After returning to Germany in 1912, Creutzfeldt worked at the Neurological Institute in Frankfurt am Main, at the psychiatric-neurological clinics in Breslau, Kiel and Berlin, and at the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie in Munich. During the First World War, Creutzfeldt was deployed as a reserve medical officer and survived the sinking of the auxiliary cruiser SMS Greif, on which he was embarked. After being captured on February 29, 1916, he was repatriated as a doctor in May of that year and served in the Imperial Navy until the end of the war in 1918.

Creutzfeldt was habilitated at Kiel in 1920, and in 1925 became Extraordinarius of psychiatry and neurology. In 1938 he was appointed professor and director of the university psychiatric and neurological division in Kiel. He helped to recognize a neurodegenerative disease, with Alfons Maria Jakob, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in which the brain tissue develops holes and takes on a sponge-like texture. It is now known it is due to a type of infectious protein called a prion. Prions are misfolded proteins which replicate by converting their properly folded counterparts.

In the Third Reich, Creutzfeldt became a Patron Member of Heinrich Himmler's SS from 1932 to 1933.[1]

Later life

Creutzfeldt was 54 years old when the Second World War broke out. He was unmoved by the Nazi regime and was able to save some people from death in concentration camps and also managed to rescue almost all of his patients from being murdered under the Nazi Aktion T4 euthanasia program, an unusual event since most mental patients identified by T4 personnel were gassed or poisoned at separate euthanasia clinics such as Hadamar Euthanasia Centre. During the war, bombing raids destroyed his home and clinic.

After the war he was director of the University of Kiel for six months, before being dismissed by the British occupation forces. His efforts to rebuild the university caused a series of conflicts with the British because he wanted to allow more former army officers to study there. Creutzfeldt resigned from his work at Kiel in 1953 in order to pursue life as professor emeritus in Munich.[5]

Personal life

He was married to Clara Sombart, a daughter of Werner Sombart. They had five children, among them Otto Detlev Creutzfeldt and Werner Creutzfeldt (1924–2006), a renowned German Internist. He died in 1964 in Munich.

See also

• Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, a subacute spongiform encephalopathy caused from prions involving the cerebral cortex, the basal ganglia and the spinal cord.
• Adrenoleukodystrophy, a rare demyelination disorder also known as Siemerling-Creutzfeldt Disease causing progressive brain damage, adrenal failure, and eventually death.

References

1. Kondziella, D; Zeidman, LA (2016). "What's in a Name? Neurological Eponyms of the Nazi Era". Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience (Review). 38: 184–200. doi:10.1159/000442683. ISBN 978-3-318-05605-1. PMID 27035717.
2. Katscher, F (May 1998). "It's Jakob's disease, not Creutzfeldt's". Nature. 393 (6860): 11. doi:10.1038/29862. PMID 9590681.
3. Pearce, JM (2004). "Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease". European Neurology (Review). 52 (3): 129–131. doi:10.1159/000081462. PMID 15479979.
4. See entry of Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt in the Rostock Matrikelportal
5. Wolf, J. H.; Foley, P. (2005). "Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt (1885-1964): A Life in Neuropathology". Journal of Neural Transmission. Austria: Springer-Verlag. 112 (8): I–XCVII. doi:10.1007/s00702-005-0288-2. eISSN 1435-1463. ISSN 0300-9564. PMID 15834786 – via Academic Search Complete.