HMS Antigua (1804)

HMS Antigua was a French frigate launched in 1779. She became a privateer that the British captured in 1804. She served the Royal Navy as a prison ship from 1804 to 1816, when she was broken up.

History
France
Name:	Railleuse
Builder:	Rochefort
Launched:	11 August 1779[1]
Captured:	25 March 1804
Notes:	Originally the Galathée-class frigate Railleuse and then the 36-gun privateer Égyptienne
United Kingdom
Name:	HMS Antigua
Namesake:	Antigua, an island in the West Indies
Acquired:	By capture 25 March 1804 or 27 March 1804
Fate:	Scrapped 1816
General characteristics [2]
Type:	Galathée class frigate, later Prison ship
Tons burthen:	856 tons bm
Length:	145 ft (44.2 m) (overall); c.117 ft 6 in (35.8 m)
Beam:	37 ft (11.3 m)
Complement:	301 (French service)
Armament:	French service Initially: 26 × 12-pounder + 6 × 6-pounder guns Later: 8 × 6-pounder guns + 4 × 36-pounder howitzers[1]

French service

Antigua began her career as the Galathée-class French frigate Railleuse.[3] She was built in Bordeaux to a 32-gun design by Raymond-Antoine Haran and launched in 1779.

She took part in the Battle of the Chesapeake on 5 September 1781, and in the subsequent Siege of Yorktown, under Sainte-Eulalie.[4]

She underwent repairs at Rochefort several times, in January to April 1783 and in May 1790. In 1791 she was coppered, and then underwent further repairs in 1794.

On 11 June 1794 she was cruising in the Channel when she encountered and chased the 14-gun cutter HMS Ranger off Brest. Ranger engaged in some proforma resistance and then struck. The French treated Ranger's crew badly, stripping the men naked and keeping them on deck for two days until they arrived at Brest.[5] The French Navy took Ranger into service and kept her name.

Privateer

In 1797 the French navy disposed of Railleuse.[1] She became the French privateer Égyptienne, a 36-gun ship with a crew of 120 based at Bordeaux.

In December 1800, the hired armed cutter Nimrod recaptured the Skene, Crawly, master, which had been sailing from Dublin to London when the privateer Egyptian captured Skene. Nimrod sent Skene into Falmouth on 30 December.[6]

A letter from Madeira dated 22 February 1804 reported that the 36-gun privateer Égyptienne was cruising to the south of the island. Another privateer, this one of 20 guns, was also in the area.[7] Egyptienne was next reported to be off the windward coast of Africa on 8 March.[8]

Égyptienne must have then sailed to the Caribbean as on 19 March she captured the Denault, Ball, master, which had been sailing from London to Demerara, and sent her into Guadeloupe. Égyptienne then intercepted the Ranger, Williams, master, Favourite, Holman, master, and Wadstray, Way, master, which were sailing in company, also from London to Demerara.[9] Égyptienne captured the Wadstray, which however the frigate Blanche recaptured,[10] and sent into Jamaica.[11]

Capture

On 23 March 1804, the British 18-gun sloop Osprey gave chase to four ships that turned out to be a frigate and three merchant ships. Osprey badly damaged the frigate Égyptienne in a close, 80-minute action near Barbados before Égyptienne used her superior speed to escape. Osprey lost one man killed and 16 wounded in the action and her hull and rigging were badly damaged.[12]

On the 25th, Osprey and the British 18-gun sloop Hippomenes recaptured the Reliance, one of several prizes that Égyptienne had taken. From the prize master the British found out the identity of the vessel that Osprey had fought.

On 25 March 1804[13] or 27 March 1804[14] Hippomenes captured the damaged Égyptienne after a 54-hour chase followed by a three-hour, 20-minute single-ship action.[15] Égyptienne was under the command of M. Placiard and had a crew of 255 men. After Hippomenses captured Égyptienne, the British found out that she had lost eight men killed and 19 wounded in the fight with Osprey. Hippomenes had only one man slightly wounded.

British service and fate

The British took Égyptienne into service as HMS Antigua as there was already an Egyptienne in the Royal Navy. Because Égyptienne was twenty-five years old, and battered, the Navy decided against sending her to sea again. Lieutenant James Middleton commissioned her in December 1808 and commanded her until 1815.[2] From December 1808 Antigua served as a prison hulk until scrapped in 1816.[13]

Citations and references

Citations

1. Demerliac (2004), p. 65, #399.
2. Winfield (2008), p. 402.
3. Roche (2005), p.370.
4. Contenson (1934), p. 167.
5. Hepper (1994), p. 76.
6. Lloyd's List, - accessed 23 January 2014.
7. Lloyd's List, - accessed 22 January 2014.
8. Lloyd's List, - accessed 22 January 2014.
9. Lloyd's List, - accessed 22 January 2014.
10. Naval Chronicle, Vol. 12, p.179.
11. lloyd's List, - accessed 22 January 2014.
12. Clowes, p. 341; Colledge, p. 251.
13. Colledge (1987), p. 34.
14. Clowes, p. 342
15. "No. 15702". The London Gazette. 15 May 1804. p. 620.

References

• Contenson, Ludovic (1934). La Société des Cincinnati de France et la guerre d'Amérique (1778-1783). Paris: éditions Auguste Picard. OCLC 7842336.
• Clowes, Sir William Laird (1897) The Royal Navy: A History From the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume V. (Sampson Low, Marston and Company, 1900; republished by Chatham Publishing, London). ISBN 1-86176-014-0
• Colledge, J.J. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of All Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy From the Fifteenth Century to the Present. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1987. ISBN 0-87021-652-X.
• Demerliac, Alain (2004). La Marine de Louis XVI: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1774 À 1792 (in French). Éditions Ancre. ISBN 2-906381-23-3.
• Hepper, David J. (1994). British Warship Losses in the Age of Sail, 1650-1859. Rotherfield: Jean Boudriot. ISBN 0-948864-30-3.
• Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours. 1. Group Retozel-Maury Millau. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922.
• Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 1-86176-246-1.