Gustavus Murray

Gustavus Charles Philip Murray (1831 – 7 August 1887) was a British obstetrician who may have been the inspiration for Luke Fildes' 1891 painting The Doctor. His work in the examination of pregnant women was recognised by Adolphe Pinard in 1889 but ignored in England. He was popular with his patients and had a thriving practice with many professional appointments but as a result wrote little. He died at the age of 56 years from heart failure.

Gustavus Murray
Born1831
Port of Spain, Trinidad
Died7 August 1887 (aged 55–56)
London, England
NationalityBritish
EducationUniversity of Edinburgh
Medical career
ProfessionPhysician
Sub-specialtiesObstetrics

Early life and family

Gustavus (sometimes Gustavo) Murray was born at Port of Spain, Trinidad, West Indies, in 1831, the youngest son of Edward Murray (c.1800–1874),[1] registrar of slaves and later Marshal of Trinidad.[2][3][4] Murray received his schooling mainly at private schools in England. His health was poor and he was twice forced to return to Trinidad for that reason.[2]

He married Fanny Tryphena Yearsley (born Trinidad) at St George's, Hanover Square, in 1856,[5] daughter of John Yearsley of The Moors, Cheltenham.[2] They had six sons and one daughter.[2] In 1861 he was living in Green Street, Mayfair, in central London.[6] In 1871 the family were in the same area but had no servants according to the census return.[7] By 1881 they were living in Great Cumberland Place, Marylebone, and employed four servants.[8] Their second son, Stormont Murray, became a physician who practiced in London.[2]

Medical career
The former British Lying-In Hospital, Endell Street, London.

Murray enrolled in the medical school of King's College, London, when Arthur Farre was professor of obstetrics and became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1856. He studied at the Vienna General Lying-in Hospital where puerperal fever had been tackled by Ignaz Semmelweis.[9] Subsequently, he received his M.D. from the University of Edinburgh in 1860[2] for a thesis titled "On the Medico-Legal aspect of certain morbid conditions that may be mistaken for pregnancy".[9]

In 1858, Murray claimed, in a paper in The Lancet, to be able to tell the exact parts of a fetus, including each vertebra and the cleft between the buttocks, through feeling the abdomen of the pregnant woman.[10] At the time, these women would have been examined only at labour and to be able to distinguish fetal parts during the antenatal period was felt to be unbelievable.[10][11] His work was recognised by Adolphe Pinard, an eminent obstetrician and pioneer of listening to the fetal heartbeat, in Pinard's 1889 book on abdominal palpation in pregnancy, but his innovations in the examination of pregnant women were ignored in England.[10]

At the start of his career he had consulting rooms at his home at 17 Green Street, Mayfair, a fashionable location for doctors.[9] He was physician-accoucheur and physician for the diseases of women and children to the St George's and St James's Dispensary. He was physician and later consulting physician-accoucheur to the St Pancras Provident Dispensary and was closely associated with the Establishment for Gentlewomen in Harley Street.[2] He was also obstetric physician to the British Lying-In Hospital in Endell Street, London, where he was a governor, and then to the Great Northern Central Hospital, Caledonian Road, Islington.[12]

He was a fellow of the Edinburgh Obstetrical Society[2] and elected a fellow of the Obstetrical Society of London in 1859.[13] Towards the end of his career he was to become president of the London society but was unable to take up the position due to ill health.[2]

The Doctor
The Doctor, Luke Fildes, 1891. Oil-on-canvas, Tate Gallery, London.[14]

Murray's professional demeanor may have been the inspiration for the attentive and concerned physician in Luke Fildes' painting The Doctor (1891) after he attended the artist's first child, Philip, when he became ill and died at Christmas 1877. Murray and Fildes were well known to each other and Murray had delivered all the Fildes children. The artist's son, also Luke Fildes, wrote in his biography of his father:[15]

"The character and bearing of their doctor throughout the time of their anxiety, made a deep impression on my parents. Dr Murray became a symbol of professional devotion which would one day inspire the painting of The Doctor." And: "The Doctor had been on my father's mind ever since Dr Murray watched over Philip".[15]

Fildes junior made it clear in his book, however, that the figure in the painting was a composite of several people, including Fildes' friend Dr Thomas Buzzard.[15]

Death

Murray died on 7 August 1887 at 66 Great Cumberland Place, London, after becoming weak with stomach and liver problems. His death has been attributed to heart failure.[16] He left an estate of £4,132.[17]

References
  1. "General News", The Bradford Observer, 24 July 1874, p. 4.
  2. "Obituary. Gustavus Charles Philip Murray, M.D." The Lancet, 20 August 1887, p. 394.
  3. "Gazette Promotions", The Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 189 (1851), p. 543.
  4. Titus, Noel F. (2009). The Amelioration and Abolition of Slavery in Trinidad, 1812–1834: Experiments and Protests in a New Slave Colony. Bloomington: AuthorHouse. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-4389-8555-8.
  5. Gustavus Charles Philip Murray England and Wales Marriage Registration Index. Family Search. Retrieved 12 December 2017. (subscription required)
  6. Gustavo C P Murray England and Wales Census, 1861. Family Search. Retrieved 12 December 2017. (subscription required)
  7. Gustavus C P Murray England and Wales Census, 1871. Family Search. Retrieved 12 December 2017. (subscription required)
  8. Gustavus C P Murray England and Wales Census, 1881. Family Search. Retrieved 12 December 2017. (subscription required)
  9. Rinsler, Albert (1 August 1993). "The Doctor". Journal of Medical Biography. 1 (3): 165–170. doi:10.1177/096777209300100307. PMID 11615259. (subscription required)
  10. Radcliffe, Walter (1947). Milestones in Midwifery ; And, The Secret Instrument (The Birth of the Midwifery Forceps). Norman Publishing. pp. 91–92. ISBN 9780930405205.
  11. Dunn, P M (May 2006). "Adolphe Pinard (1844–1934) of Paris and intrauterine paediatric care". Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 91 (3): F231–F232. doi:10.1136/adc.2005.074518. ISSN 1359-2998. PMC 2672711. PMID 16632653.
  12. "Notes". The British Gynaecological Journal, Vol. III, No. 11 (November 1887), p. 487.
  13. "Fellows of the Society", Transactions of the Obstetrical Society of London, Vol. XI, p. xxix.
  14. "'The Doctor', Sir Luke Fildes, exhibited 1891". TATE. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  15. Rinsler, Albert (1 August 1993). "The Doctor". Journal of Medical Biography. 1 (3): 165–170. doi:10.1177/096777209300100307. PMID 11615259. (subscription required)
  16. "Obituary Gustavus C. P. Murray, M.D. Edin.", British Medical Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 441–2 (20 August 1887).
  17. 1887 Probate Calendar. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
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