Gunnison Tunnel

The Gunnison Tunnel is an irrigation tunnel constructed between 1905 and 1909[2] by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation in Montrose County, Colorado.[3] The 5.8 mile long tunnel diverts water from the Gunnison River to the arid Uncompahgre Valley around Montrose, Colorado.

Celebration on opening of the Gunnison Tunnel, 1909 (in Montrose, not at the tunnel itself)
Gunnison Tunnel
LocationMontrose County, Colorado, USA
Nearest cityMontrose, Colorado
Coordinates38.484022°N 107.743791°W / 38.484022; -107.743791
Area373.3 acres (151.1 ha)
Built1901
Built byU.S. Reclamation Service
NRHP reference No.79000616[1]
Added to NRHPJuly 22, 1979

At the time of its completion, it was the longest irrigation tunnel in the world and quickly made the area around Montrose into profitable agricultural lands. In 1972, the tunnel was designated a National Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).

The idea for a tunnel is credited to Frank Lauzon, a miner and prospector.[4] By the early 1890s he was farming in Montrose. Popular lore is that idea came to him in a dream that the waters of the Gunnison River should be brought to the valley.[4]

As construction was undertaken, two advances in technology made work safer and easier. Jackhammers fed by a compressor replaced hand-turned drill bits to set holes for blasting charges. Dynamite replaced black powder for blasting. By 1906 shifts of workers up to 30 at a time worked in the tunnel.[4]

The tunnel opened in 1909 to much fanfare with a dedication ceremony attended by President William Howard Taft.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.[1][5]

The tunnel is 5.8 miles (9.3 km) long and is 11 by 12 feet (3.4 m × 3.7 m) in cross-section, with square corners at the bottom and an arched roof. It drops about 40 feet (12 m) over its length. At the deepest, it is about 2,200 feet (670 m) beneath the surface of Vernal Mesa.[5]

See also

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. Page, Arthur W. (August 1907). "Running A River Through A Mountain: The Six-Mile Gunnison Tunnel". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. XIV: 9322–9330. Retrieved 2009-07-10. Includes construction photos.
  3. Project History - Uncompahgre Project.
  4. "East Portal & the Gunnison Tunnel - Curecanti National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-15. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. Steve MeCall (December 9, 1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Gunnison Tunnel". National Park Service. Retrieved March 29, 2018. With seven photos.

Further reading
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