Guilford Bell

Guilford Marsh Bell (21 December 1912 – 9 January 1992) was an Australian architect active following from World War II until his death in 1992. During his early studies Bell travelled extensively, drawing influences that were later reflected for his projects. Bell worked prolifically both individually and in various partnerships, allowing him to produce many architectural works. Uncommonly, Bell contributed to local and interstate projects including homesteads, pavilions, suburban houses, large commercial and industrial establishments. Bell died in Melbourne in 1992. His latest practice (Guilford Bell & Graham Fisher Architects) continues under the directorship of Graham Fisher.

Guilford Bell
Born
Guilford Marsh Bell

(1912-12-21)21 December 1912
Brisbane
Died9 January 1992(1992-01-09) (aged 79)
Melbourne
NationalityAustralian
Alma materQueensland Institute of Technology
University College London
OccupationArchitect
AwardsVictorian Architectural Medal 1963–64
BuildingsSimon House, Mount Eliza
Fairfax Pavilion, Bellevue Hill
Drysdale Homestead
McGrath House

Life and work

Early years and education

Born into a successful farming family in 1912. Bell was initially educated at the Queensland University of Technology until the dis-accreditation of his qualifications resulted in his relocation to England where he joined the practice of Albert Richardson. Completing his architectural education under the supervision and tutelage of Richardson and Professor H. O Corfiato of University of London, Bell matriculated as an associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects, additionally recognising Bell as an architect within Australia.[1]

Travel and war service

During his time in England, Bell was involved with home renovations for Agatha Christie, with whom he had already a friendship from a meeting in Australia in the early 1930s.

Bell accompanied both Christie and her husband Sir Max Mallowan, a renowned archaeologist, on a series of digs in Syria. While there he made s series of drawings, some of which were later published by the British Museum magazine. The architecture of the middle east may have influenced the young Bell, with elements such as enclosed courtyards and arcaded loggias later appearing in his work.

The onset of World War II saw Bell return to Australia and enlist in the Royal Australian Air Force serving in Morotai before assignment as a liaison officer to the United States Air Force located in the Northern Territory, and also spent time in Canberra.

After the war ended, Bell took a position with Ansett Australia, under the official Ansett architect J A La Gerche, to assist and to act as onsite supervisor of the construction of the first Australian luxury international resort on Hayman Island, the Royal Hayman Hotel.[2] Opening in 1950, it consisted of a large central dining and lounge with entertainment stage, and a series of simple skillion roofed cabins symmetrically arranged either side.[3]

Architectural practices and partnerships

After working for Ansett Australia Transport Industries, Bell began a private practice in Melbourne in 1952. Bell designed houses for a mainly wealthy clientele, which he would continue for the rest of his career.

Nine years later, Bell formed a partnership with Neil Clerehan. Although both had similar architectural leanings in their obsession with privacy and blank walls, the pair terminated their joint practice in 1964 due to fundamentally differing design ideas. Working as a sole practitioner again, the following decade saw Bell design some of his most well known buildings, including his most renowned work, the pavilion James Fairfax commissioned to be built in Bowral, NSW. In 1983, now entering his seventies, Bell invited Graham Fisher to form a partnership. Fisher and Bell worked together until Bell's death in 1992.

Projects

Simon House, Mount Eliza, VIC
Showing the distribution of rooms in the Simon House in an original floor plan.

The modernist approach that the Bell Clerehan Partnership adopted for the design of the Simon House, is very prototypical of Bell's architectural style. Being a countryman, the relationship between the land and architecture was very significant to Bell. This is why "an integrated sequence of interior and exterior spaces",[4] was affiliated to combine the living quarters around a centred terrace and swimming pool. Glazed panels wrap the living and dining room spaces, to fully appreciate the views of the Mornington Peninsula. Symmetry is abundant throughout the single-storey floor plan and program is mirrored in an even trend throughout. This project won the "Victorian Architectural Medal" in 1963–64.[5]

Drysdale Homestead, Killcare Heights, NSW
Original drawing of Drysdale Homestead.

During the 1960s, Bell's focal projects were based on his interest with homesteads. The Drysdale House, set on Killcare Heights, has spectacular views over inland waterways and distant hills which set the design theme of the house – "Everything should face that view which must be framed and punctuated."[6] The design consists of three separate pavilions connected by courtyards and lower roofed gallery halls. An important element of the design is the structural beams which begin to be expressed internally, and continue to exit externally to frame the northern facing view.

Fairfax Pavilion, Retford Park Bowral, NSW

The renowned Fairfax Pavilion sits in its picturesque surrounding perfectly, as Bell designed it purposely to complement the scenery. In its classically Grecian style, it has become the "most poetic garden and pavilion"[7] that Bell has constructed.[8] His desire to combine nature and architecture is achieved by the elongated pool and the pond which harmonise the flow of the environment throughout and the garden room inside the pavilion to complete the scene. The “evergreen laurel hedge”[7] and glazing enclose the 1986 structure to create an order of privacy yet still allowing the boundary of inner and outer space to feel ambiguous.

McFarlane House, Vaucluse, NSW

Located in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs, the elevated site is positioned with north and west harbour views. Designed at the same time as the Seccull house in 1972, the project's prominent characteristic of arches was a request from the client. The entrance from the single-storey block, takes the participant across to swimming pool and courtyard, passing by a view the Sydney Opera House and Bridge from the entrance hall. This gave inspiration to the "whole logic and layout of the house".[9] This invokes a memorable sequence the participant follows, with elements from the Seccull House.

Seccull House, Brighton, VIC

The design was provoked by a previous work by Bell, a fantasy of simplicity and purity, and the Seccull's requested a translation of this garden temple into a home.[10] Bell himself felt that his relationship with the clients, the Seccull's was one of the most satisfying of his career, and the result one of his most pleasurable works.[11]

Serenity and privacy were of prime importance to Bell.[12] The entire property is surrounded by a rendered brick three-metre perimeter wall, within which the flat roofed F shaped plan creates two major courtyard / garden spaces. Large areas of travertine paving outside flow inside through full height windows into travertine paved circulation spaces. The house has a powerful orthogonal geometry that reaches back from the street in a series of courtyard, corridors and wings defining a sequence of spaces and axes that define the entire site.[13] This house, which is approximately 500 square metres, was extensively restored in 2015. Prior to 2015, it had only been altered in parts.[14]

Grant House, Officer, VIC

Considered the last residential project which Bell completed with Fisher, the Grant House is a well-renowned work of architecture. The "pyramidal"[15] roof reflects his interest from his travels in the Middle East and gives a certain eccentricity to the building. The way in which the residence sits centrally in the expansive landscape is modelled off an André Le Nôtre work, Vaux-le-Vicomte.[16] The distant scenery gives views of the Gippsland Ranges and due to the sloping of the land, stairs have been introduced as a practical and symmetrical way to order the landscape design. This building has become a National-trust listed project, and subsequently heritage listed by the local council.

Awards

The Simon house in Mt Eliza which was awarded the 1964 Victorian Architectural Medal.

The University of Queensland established the Guilford Bell Scholarship award in 2009, "maintained by a bequest from the late Orme Augusta Marsh",[17] Bell's sister. The scholarship is awarded to an advanced student to study international architectural methods.

Images and sketches of Bell's works
  • Drysdale Homestead Perspective Sketch by Bell, 1965.
  • Seccull House, Brighton, 1972.
  • Clemenger House, Toorak, 1983.
  • Edwards House, Toorak, 1974. Alterations were also made in 1986.
  • McGrath House, Bellevue Hill, Perspective view by Bell, 1969.
  • McFarlane arch representation. Coloured render showing pool & aesthetic of building, 1971.
  • Purves House, Showing details of the chimney design, 1991.

See also

References

Notes
  1. Graham Fisher, director, Guilford Bell & Graham Fisher Architects, Interview, 16 April 2014.
  2. "ANSETT FOR MACKAY". Bowen Independent (Qld. : 1911 - 1954). 6 February 1948. p. 1. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  3. "Hayman Island". Queensland Places. Centre for the Government of Queensland 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  4. Black & Edquist 2005, p. 38.
  5. Black & Edquist 2005, p. 41.
  6. Bell & Imrie 1982, pp. 35-36.
  7. Van Schaik 1999, p. 163.
  8. Bell & Imrie 1982, p. 51.
  9. Van Schaik 1999, pp. 160-161.
  10. Bell & Imrie 1982, pp. 61-63.
  11. "Seccull House". National Trust Database. National Trust Australia (Victoria). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  12. Van Schaik 1999, pp. 59-60.
  13. "Seccull House". National Trust Database. National Trust Australia (Victoria). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  14. Logi, Lorenzo (22 March 2016), "Guilford Bell's Seccull House Gets Renovated", Indesign Live, archived from the original on 29 March 2016, retrieved 2 January 2017
  15. Property Observer
  16. Van Schaik 1999, pp. 161-162.
  17. The University of Queensland Scholarships and Prizes

Works cited
  • Black, Richard; Edquist, Harriet (2005). The Architecture of Neil Clerehan. Melbourne: RMIT University Press. ISBN 0-86459-383-X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Bell, Guilford; Imrie, Anne (1982). 1952–1980 architecture of Guilford Bell. South Melbourne: Proteus Publishing. ISBN 0-949635-00-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Van Schaik, Leon (1999). The life work of Guilford Bell, architect 1912–1992. Melbourne: Bookman Press. ISBN 978-0958720618.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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