Graven, Aarhus

Graven is a street in Aarhus, Denmark. Graven was created some time before year 1500 on and in the northernmost moat used to defend the early Viking settlement.[1][2] It is one of the oldest streets in the city and used to mark the northern city limits along with Klostergade. Graven runs 220 meter west to east from Klostergade to Mejlgade and is situated in the historic Latin Quarter neighborhood. Graven is fairly narrow and is a designated one-way street for motorized traffic in the direction of Mejlgade towards Klostergade.[2] Graven is characterized by low housing, cafés and speciality shops, and has much foot and bicycle traffic. As Klostergade and Mejlgade, Graven is a shared bikeway, part of the city's bicycle infrastructure network.

Graven
Graven
Former name(s)Gravene
Length220 m (720 ft)
LocationLatin Quarter, Aarhus, Denmark
Postal code8000
Coordinates56°09′31.3″N 10°12′37.7″E

Etymology

The earliest name of the street was "Gravene", meaning "the moats" or "the digs", referring to the previous moats around Aarhus, dug as part of the Viking town fortifications. The moats, the ramparts and the palisades were all dismantled, but carried over in some street names. The singular "Graven", which names the street today, is known from the late 1500s. The pronunciation of the name today still references the original plural name as the first syllable is pronounced with a long "a" as if it was the plural case.[3]

History

The early Viking settlement was fortified by moats and ramparts to the north, west and south.[4] During the Middle Ages the city grew beyond the boundaries marked by these defenses and at the same time advancements in warfare had made them less useful in potential military conflicts. Some time before 1500, the ramparts and moats were dismantled and the street Graven was established on and in the northernmost moat.[5] It is believed the moat was filled in using earth from an adjoining rampart. Graven became an extension of Klostergade which had previously been the northmost street in the city.[6] In 1914, the city council hotly debated whether to lengthen Graven to newly built port facilities south of the city. The plan would entail demolishing Juuls Gaard and another property in Mejlgade. The later mayor Jakob Jensen argued against the plans as insufficient. In the end it was decided to wait for the Goods Station to be relocated to the west of the city and for the river to be paved over and the new street Åboulevarden to be established. The changes proved sufficient and Graven kept its original medieval structure.[7]

Today, Graven is reminiscent of a typical European medieval street with low dense housing and a somewhat curved alignment. The majority of the buildings are from the 19th century interspersed with medieval half-timbered structures.[8]

Buildings

Graven no. 21 was designed and built by architect Carl Lange in 1876 and commissioned by the city to house a social institution but since 1917 it was home to the municipal dental care facilities for public school.[9]

References
  1. Emanuel 1960, p. 51, line 5: "Som navnet fortæller er gaden Graven opstået på eller langs den gamle befæstningsvolgrav."
  2. "Bilister overser ensretningen i Graven" (in Danish). Jyllandsposten. Archived from the original on 11 December 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  3. Emanuel 1960, p. 51, line 6: "... ved ordet Graven, at a'et ikke udtales med stød, som man skulle vente, men med langt a; det kommcr af, at dcr var flere voldc og grave, og at navnet egentligt skulle være være Gravene. Den jyske udtale har imidlertid tabt e't, men har bevaret det langc a som føige af den oprindelige flertalsform."
  4. Emanuel 1960, p. 51, line 10: "At der har været flere grave og volde fremgår af, at en jordskyldsbog fra I562 nævner mester >Thomas Ribers grund på Nørregrave og Volden<, Iigesom der omtales en >urtehave på Nørrevold<. Der har altså også været en Søndergrave og en Søndervold<."
  5. Weinreich 2007, p. 55, line 5-8: "Graven blev anlagt før år 1500, hvilket blandt andet vil fremgi af en bog over 'Jordskyldnere", som i 1562 omtaler mester Ribers grund på Nprregrav og Volden."
  6. Emanuel 1960, p. 51, line 12: "Volden er formodentlig udjævnet og brugt til at opfylde graveq med. Gaden Graven fortsattes af Klostergade, som i ældre tid var byens nordligste gade."
  7. "Graven" (in Danish). Aarhus City Archives. Archived from the original on 11 December 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  8. Weinreich 2007, p. 55, line 21: "Selv om middelalderen fortsat er repræsenteret i Graven, er størsteparten af de lave huse fra forrige århundrede."
  9. Weinreich 2007, p. 55, line 13: "Bygningen, hvor tandplejen holder til, er opf6rt af Arhus Kommune i 1876 efter arkitekt Carl Langes tegninger"
Publications

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