Graecians

The Graecians (/ˈɡriːʃənz/; also Graei and Graeci; Ancient Greek: Γραῖοι, Graȋoi and Γραικοί, Graikoí), were an ancient Greek tribe and their name is the origin of the Latin (and English) name of the Greeks as a whole.[1][2]

Etymology

It is possible that their name is derived from the toponym of Graea (Γραία), a city in Boeotia identical with Tanagra according to Pausanias.[3] The word means "old" based on the adjective γραῖα "old (feminine)".[4]

History

According to the historian Georg Busolt, the Graecians were among the first to colonize Italy (i.e., Magna Graecia) in the 9th century BC when they established the city of Cumae; they were the first Greeks with whom the Latins came into contact, which then made them adopt the name of Graeci by synecdoche as the name of the Hellenes.[2] Aristotle (4th-century BC) records that during the deluge of Deucalion, the Graecians were the inhabitants of Hellas (i.e., "the country about Dodona and the Achelous [river]") who were also known as Hellenes.[5] In the Parian Chronicle, the Hellenes were originally called Graecians and established the Panathenean Games in 1522–1521 BC.[6]

Eponymous ancestor

According to Hesiod, the eponymous ancestor of the Graecians was Graecus (Γραικός), the son of Pandora II and brother of Latinus.[7] Their mother Pandora, named after her grandmother Pandora, was the daughter of Deucalion and Pyrrha and the sister of Hellen.[7] Other sources have Graecus as the son of Thessalus.[8]

See also

• List of ancient Greek tribes

References

Citations

1. Hard 2004, pp. 401–436.
2. Harper, Douglas (2001–2020). "Greek (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary.
3. Pausanias. Description of Greece, 9.20.2.
4. Beekes 2009, p. 285: The adjective derives ultimately from the PIE root *ǵerh₂-/*ǵreh₂-, "to grow old" via Proto-Greek *gera-/grau-iu.
5. Aristotle. Meteorology, I.14.
6. Robertson 1788, p. 24.
7. Hesiod. Catalogue of Women, Fragment 5.
8. Smith 1856, pp. 1010–1011.

Sources

• Beekes, Robert (2009). Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17418-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Hard, Robin (2004). The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology. London and New York: Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group). ISBN 0-415-18636-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Robertson, Joseph (1788). The Parian Chronicle, or The Chronicle of the Arundelian Marbles; with a Dissertation Concerning its Authenticity. London: J. Walter.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Smith, William (1856). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: Walter and Maberly.