Gloria Naylor

Gloria Naylor (January 25, 1950 – September 28, 2016) was an American novelist, known for novels including The Women of Brewster Place (1982), Linden Hills (1985) and Mama Day (1988).

Gloria Naylor
Naylor in 2007
Born(1950-01-25)January 25, 1950
New York, U.S.
DiedSeptember 28, 2016(2016-09-28) (aged 66)
Christiansted, U.S. Virgin Islands, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
OccupationNovelist

Early life and education

Naylor was born in New York on January 25, 1950, the oldest child of Roosevelt Naylor and Alberta McAlpin. The Naylors, who had been sharecroppers in Robinsonville, Mississippi, had migrated to Harlem to escape life in the segregated South and seek new opportunities in New York City.[1] Her father became a transit worker; her mother, a telephone operator. Even though Naylor's mother had little education, she loved to read, and encouraged her daughter to read and keep a journal.[2] Before her teen years, Gloria began writing prodigiously, filling many notebooks with observations, poems, and short stories.[3]

In 1963, Naylor's family moved to Queens and her mother joined the Jehovah's Witnesses. An outstanding student who read voraciously, Naylor was placed into advanced classes in high school, where she immersed herself in the work of nineteenth century British novelists. Her educational aspirations, however, were delayed by the shock of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in her senior year. She decided to postpone her college education, becoming a missionary for the Jehovah's Witnesses in New York, North Carolina, and Florida instead. She left seven years later as "things weren't getting better, but worse."[4]

From 1975 to 1981 Naylor attended Medgar Evers College and then Brooklyn College while working as a telephone operator, majoring in nursing before switching to English.[4] It was at that time that she read Toni Morrison's novel The Bluest Eye, which was a pivotal experience for her. She began to avidly read the work of Zora Neale Hurston, Alice Walker, and other black women novelists, none of which she had been exposed to previously. She went on to earn an M.A. in African-American studies at Yale University; her thesis eventually became her second published novel, Linden Hills.[3]

Naylor earned her bachelor's degree in English at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York in 1981. She obtained a master's degree in African American Studies from Yale University in 1983. She was an honorary member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority.

Career

Naylor's debut novel, The Women of Brewster Place, was published in 1982 and won the 1983 National Book Award in the category First Novel.[5] It was adapted as a 1989 television miniseries of the same name by Oprah Winfrey's Harpo Productions.

Naylor's work is featured in such anthologies as Breaking Ice: An Anthology of Contemporary African-American Fiction (ed. Terry McMillan, 1990), Calling the Wind: Twentieth-Century African-American Short Stories (ed. Clarence Major, 1992) and Daughters of Africa (ed. Margaret Busby, 1992).

During her career as a professor, Naylor taught writing and literature at several universities, including George Washington University, New York University, Boston University, University of Kent, University of Pennsylvania and Cornell University.[6]

In 1989 Naylor was the Zale Writer-In-Residence at Newcomb College of Tulane University.[7] There she performed a reading of her works as well as being publicly interviewed by Filipe Smith of the Tulane English Department.[8]

In 2009, Naylor donated her archives to Sacred Heart University. The collection is currently on loan at Lehigh University for digitization.[9]

Naylor died of a heart attack on September 28, 2016, while visiting St. Croix, United States Virgin Islands. She was 66.[10][11]


Influence

During her studies at Brooklyn College, Naylor became immersed in the works of African-American female authors such as Zora Neale Hurston, Alice Walker, and especially Toni Morrison. Drawing inspiration from these authors, Naylor began writing stories centered on the lives of African-American women, which resulted in her first novel, The Women of Brewster Place.[12]

Works
  • The Women of Brewster Place (1982), ISBN 0-7868-6421-4
  • Linden Hills (1985), ISBN 0-14-008829-6
  • The Meanings of a Word (1986)
  • Mama Day (1988), ISBN 0-89919-716-7
  • Bailey's Cafe (1992), ISBN 0-15-110450-6
  • Children of the Night: The Best Short Stories by Black Writers, 1967 to the Present (1995), ISBN 0-316-59926-3 (editor)
  • The Men of Brewster Place (1999), ISBN 0-7868-8405-3
  • 1996 (2005), ISBN 0-88378-263-4

The Women of Brewster Place

Gloria Naylor won critical and popular acclaim for her first published novel, The Women of Brewster Place. In that book, as in her successive novels, including Linden Hills, Mama Day, and The Men of Brewster Place, Naylor gave an intense and vivid depiction of many social issues, including poverty, racism, homophobia, discrimination against women, and the social stratification of African Americans.

Vashti Crutcher Lewis, a contributor to the Dictionary of Literary Biography, commented on the "brilliance" of Naylor's first novel, derived from "her rich prose, her lyrical portrayals of African Americans, and her illumination of the meaning of being a black woman in America."

In The Women of Brewster Place and her other novels, Naylor focuses on "themes of deferred dreams of love (familial and sexual), marriage, respectability, and economic stability, while observing the recurring messages that poverty breeds violence, that true friendship and affection are not dependent on gender, and that women in the black ghettos of America bear their burdens with grace and courage," stated Lewis.[3]

Awards

References
  1. "Gloria Naylor." YourDictionary.
  2. Decker, Ed, and Jennifer York. "Naylor, Gloria 1950–." Contemporary Black Biography. 2004.
  3. "Gale - Gloria Naylor". go.galegroup.com. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
  4. "Gloria Naylor." Voices from the Gaps. 1996. University of Minnesota. 2012.
  5. "National Book Awards – 1983". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-02-28. (With acceptance speech by Naylor and essays by Rachel Helgeson and Felicia Pride from the Awards' 60-year anniversary blog.)
    • First novels or first works of fiction were recognized from 1980 to 1985.
  6. "Gloria Naylor: In Memoriam" (PDF). Journal of Pan African Studies. Vol. 9. No. 9. November 2016.
  7. "Gloria Naylor Zale-Writer-In-Residence". Newcomb Archives and Vorhoff Collection. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
  8. "Meet the Author with Gloria Naylor, 1989-04-11". Newcomb Archives and Vorhoff Collection. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
  9. "A More Accessible Archive: Showcasing the Work of Writer Gloria Naylor". Lehigh University. 2019-06-28. Retrieved 2020-01-18.
  10. Britni Danielle, "Rest in Power: Gloria Naylor, Author of 'The Women of Brewster Place', Has Died, Ebony Magazine, October 3, 2016.
  11. Associated Press, "Gloria Naylor, Who Wrote 'The Women of Brewster Place,' Dies", New Daily News, October 4, 2016.
  12. "Naylor, Gloria." Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Ed. Carl Rollyson. 4th ed. Vol. 6. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press, 2010. 3321-3327.
  13. "The Women of Brewster Place". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2019-03-25.
  14. "CANDACE AWARD RECIPIENTS 1982-1990, Page 3". National Coalition of 100 Black Women. Archived from the original on March 14, 2003.

Further reading
  • Prahlad, Sw. Anand. 1998. "All chickens come home to roost: The function of proverbs in Gloria Naylor's Mama Day." Proverbium, 15: 265–282.
  • Drieling, Claudia, 2011. Constructs of "Home" in Gloria Naylor's Quartet. Würzburg, Germany: Königshausen & Neumann, 325 pp. ISBN 978-3-8260-4492-2.
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