Gim Hongdo

Gim Hong-do (김홍도, born 1745, died 1806?-1814?), also known as Kim Hong-do, most often styled Danwon (단원), was a full-time painter of the Joseon period of Korea. He was together a pillar of the establishment and a key figure of the new trends of his time, the 'true view painting'. Gim Hong-do was an exceptional artist in every field of traditional painting, even if he is mostly remembered nowadays for his depictions of the everyday life of ordinary people, in a manner analogous to the Dutch Masters.[1]

In this Korean name, the family name is Gim.
"Danwon" redirects here. For the district of Ansan, see Danwon-gu.
Gim Hongdo
Korean name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationGim Hongdo
McCune–ReischauerKim Hongdo
Pen name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationDanwon, Dan-gu, Seoho, Gomyeon-geosa, or Cheopchwiong
McCune–ReischauerTanwŏn, Tan'gu, Sŏho Komyŏn'gŏsa, or Ch'ŏpch'wiong
Courtesy name
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationSaneung
McCune–ReischauerSanŭng

Short biography

Danwon was a member of the Gimhae Gim clan. He grew up in present-day Ansan, South Korea. At the age of 7, Gim Hong-do studied under the renowned master Pyoam Kang Se-hwang, who was then living in seclusion in Ansan.[2] In 1766, at the age of 21, on the recommendation of Kang Sehwang,[3] he entered the royal service as a member (hwawon) of the Dohwaseo, the official painters of the Joseon court. In 1771, he painted the portrait of the Royal Heir (the future King Jeongjo). In 1773, he assisted Byeon Sang-byeok when painting the Royal Portrait of King Yeongjo (1694–1724–1776).

In 1776, he painted the "Nineteen Taoist Immortals", that skyrocketed his reputation as a painter. At the same time, the new instated King Jeongjo (1752–1776–1800) commissioned him for many institutional paintings.

He died in loneliness and poverty, though the circumstances, and even the year are unknown. Sources are guessing 1806?,[4] circa 1810,[5] after 1814.[1][3]

Legacy

Danwon is remembered today as one of the "Three Wons," together with Hyewon and Owon. He is also often joined to Owon and the 15th-century painter An Gyeon as one of Joseon's three greatest painters.

The city of Ansan, where he spent his youth and learned his craft, has memorialized him in many ways. The district of Danwon-gu is named after him, as is Ansan's annual "Danwon Art Festival." Many public places have been designed in imitation of his works.[6]

Various sources have various opinions about what could be a 'top ten' list for Gim Hong-do.[4][5][7] The most important fact is how successful was Gim Hong-do in all the various types of paintings.

Towooart[8] provides a short notice and an argumented selection of paintings. The Korean Copyright Commission[9] lists 757 paintings, 7 calligraphies and 4 moldings for Gim Hong-do. Remark: some paintings have multiple descriptions (often a sepia version is given with a very fine resolution, and a colorful one with a lower resolution. An example is 평양감사 향안도 Feast for the Pyongyang Governor).

  • The paintings that launched the reputation of Gim Hong-do.
신언인도 (1773)
Indian Prophet
Gunseondo 군선도 (1776)
The Nineteen Taoist Immortals
  • 'Literati' paintings.
  • ChongSeokJeong
  • A cat and a butterfly
    Hwangmyonongjeopdo
  • Tiger under a pine tree
    Songhamaenghodo
  • Drunkard under a tree
    Songhachwisaengdo
  • Tiger underneath a Bamboo
    Jukhamenghodo
  • Official paintings
Feast for the Pyongyang Governor (1, Dinner)
  • The designated painter of the King
Kyujanggak
Main hall of Yongjusa
Seojangdae
  • 'Genre paintings'. Among them, the album Danwon pungsokdo provides a serie of 25 paintings. Here are only four of them:
  • Teacher and pupils
    Seodang (서당:書堂)
  • Dancing boy
    Mudong (무동:舞童)
  • Washing place
    Bbalraeteo (빨래터:漂母)
  • Forge
    Daejanggan (대장간)
Chuseongbu 추성부도, Landscape in night of autumn [poem by Ouyang Xiu (1007~1072)]
Samgongbulhwando 삼공불환, The Nature Better than the Official Ranks


Fictional portrayals

Literature

The novel Painter of the Wind,[10] by Lee Jeong-myeong, is centered on Danwon and Hyewon, who is portrayed as a woman disguised as a man.

Film and television

See also

References
  1. Turner 2003, p. (18)53
  2. KBS. http://rki.kbs.co.kr/english/program/program_koreanstory_detail.htm??lang=e&current_page=11&No=23530
  3. Pratt 1999, p. 211
  4. Naver. http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=200000000&docId=1073375&categoryId=200001108 (in Korean)
  5. Britannica. "Archived copy" (in Korean). Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2013-11-22.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. "Danwon-gu". GrandCulture.
  7. Chansol 2015
  8. TWA 2013
  9. KCC 2013
  10. Lee Jung-myung (이정명,), Painter of the Wind Vol. 1 & 2, Million House, Seoul, 2007. ISBN 978-89-91643-26-0 & ISBN 978-89-91643-27-7.
  11. Mysterious Artist Resurfaces on Modern Culture Scene, Korea Times, 2008-10-09. Retrieved 2010-07-07.

Bibliography
  • Pratt, Keith L.; Rutt, Richard; Hoare, James E. (1999). Korea, A Historical and Cultural Dictionary. Durham East Asia Series. Routledge. p. 568. ISBN 978-0-7007-0463-7.
  • Turner, Jane (2003). Grove Dictionary of Art. Oxford University Press, US. p. 32600. ISBN 978-0-1951-7068-9.
  • Oh, Joosok, Adjunct Professor, Chung-Ang University (2007). "The Life and Art of Kim Hong-do". Korean Art and Archeology. National Museum of Korea. 1: 34–45.
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