Ghana Road Network

Roads in Ghana form a network of varied quality and capacity. Responsibility for the road network differs between trunk and non-trunk routes. Trunk roads, which are the most important roads, are administered by the Ghana Highway Authority, which was established in 1974 to develop the trunk road network. Ghana's 13,367 km of trunk roads accounts for 33% of the total road network of 40,186 km.[1] The Department of Feeder Roads is responsible for the construction and maintenance of feeder roads in Ghana, while responsibility for urban roads lies with the Department of Urban Roads.[2]

Road distances are shown in kilometers and Ghana speed limits are indicated in kilometers per hour (km/h). Generally, speed limits range from 30 to 50 km/h (20 to 30 mph) in urban areas, 80 km/h (50 mph) on Regional and Inter-Regional highways (R and IR routes), 90 km/h (55 mph) on National highways (N routes) and 100 km/h (60 mph) on motorways.[3]

Classification

Trunk roads in Ghana are classified as N for National routes, R for Regional routes, and IR for Inter-Regional routes. Each road is given a number which is combined with the prefix, for example N1, R40 and IR11, although their informal or traditional names may still be used or heard occasionally: for instance the Accra - Kumasi Road (now part of the N6).

National highway network

National routes

National routes in Ghana are a class of roads and highways that form the trunk routes between major urban centers. Together, they form the backbone of the road system. This category of roads is designated with the letter N followed by a number indicating the specific route.[4] Odd-numbered routes run east to west, while even-numbered routes run north to south.

List of routes

AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

NumberRouteLength (km)Length (mi)
N1Elubo (N12) - Mpataba (R19) - Esiama (R88) - Abra (R86) - Agona (R84) - Sekondi-Takoradi - Cape Coast (R82) - Yamoransa (N8) - Saltpond (R80) - Mankessim (IR1) - Apam Junction (R62) - Ojobi Junction (R17) - Winneba (IR2) - Nyanyano (R15) - Accra (N6) - Tetteh Quarshie Interchange, Accra (N4), Dawhenya (R13) - Sege (R18) - Kase (R11) - Dabala (R16) - Akatsi (R12, R14) - Denu (R11) - Aflao 540 340
N2Tema (N1) - Asikuma - Kpong (N3) - Adomi (N5) - Have-Etoe (R26) - Fume (R28) - Golokwati (IR7) - Hohoe (R10) - Jasikan (R23) - Kadjebi (R25) - Nkwanta (R27) - Nakpayili (R202) - Bimbila (R29) - Pusuga (N9) - Yendi (R201, R204) - Sakpeigu (N14) - Gushiegu (R107, R110) - Nyakpanduri (IR11) - Bawku (N11) - Kulungugu 640 400
N3Kpong (N2) - Somanya (R30) - Oterkpalu (IR3) - Koforidua (R42) 40 25
N4Accra (N1) - Adenta (R40) - Mamfe (R22) - Koforidua (R42) - Asokore (R41) - Bunso (N6, R32) 110 68
N5Adome (N2) - Juapong - Ho (R10, R26, R55) 40 25
N6Accra (N1) - Nsawam (IR1) - Suhum (R41) - Apedwa (R60) - Bunso (N4) - Anyinam (R61) - Nkawkaw (IR3) - Juaso (IR2) - Konongo (R76) - Bomfa (R87) - Ejisu (R104) - Kumasi (IR4, IR5, N10, R108, R52) 250 160
N7Sawla (N12) - Larabanga - Fufulsu (N10) 140 87
N8Yamoransa (N1) - Dunkwa - Fomena - Bekwai - Kumasi (N6, N10) 170 110
N9Tamale (N10) - Jimle - Yendi (N2) 100 62
N10Kumasi (N6, N8)- Techiman - Tamale (N9) - Bolgatanga (N11) - Paga 610 380
N11Bolgatanga (N10) - Zebilla - Bawku (N2) - Bimpiela 100 62
N12Elubo (N1) - Enchi - Sunyani - Bamboi - Wa - Lawra - Hamile 670 420
N13Lawra - Tumu - Navrongo 180 110
N14Sakpeigu - Cheperoni - Yawgu 120 75
N16Tumu - Kapulima 20 12
N18Wa - Heng 79 49

Inter-regional routes

Inter-Regional routes, designated with the prefix IR, connect major settlements and regional capitals across regional borders. Running east to west are odd-numbered routes, while north-south routes are even-numbered.

List of routes

AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

NumberRoute
IR1Aburi, ER - Mankessim, CR
IR2Winneba, CR - Juaso, AS
IR3Oterkpalu, ER - Obuasi, CR
IR4Kumasi, AS - Chambuligu, NR
IR5Abuakwa, ER - Osei Kojokrom, WR
IR6Agona, WR - Ayamfuri,CR
IR7Kame, VR - Nkonsia, ER
IR8Dunkwa, WR - Kyeremaso, BA
IR9Prang, BA - Berekum, BA
IR10Busunu, NR - Chuchuligu, UE
IR11Yawgu, NR - Pala, UW
IR12Elubo, WR - Hamile, UWR

Regional routes

Regional routes are a mix of primary and secondary routes that link major settlements and serve as feeder roads to the National route network. Major regional routes are designated with the letter R followed by a two-digit number, while Minor regional routes are designated with the letter R followed by a three-digit number.

Designation as a Regional route does not imply that a road is maintained by a regional authority; some parts of the Regional route network are maintained by the Ghana Highway Authority, and parts in cities and towns may be ordinary streets maintained by the Department of Urban Roads and the Department of Feeder Roads. Regional routes vary in quality and size from dirt roads to multi-lane paved highways.

Major regional routes

Major regional routes are the second category of road in the Ghana trunk road network. They serve as feeder roads to the national route network, and are the primary trunk roads in areas where there is no national route.

List of routes

AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

NumberRoute
R10Denu, VR – Ho, VR
R11Kasseh, VR – Denu, VR
R12Akatsi, VR – Akanu, VR
R13Akplabnya, GR - Dodowa, GR
R14Akatsi, VR – Ziope, VR
R15Nyanyano, CR – Bawjiase, CR
R16Srogbe, VR – Dabala, VR
R17Ojobi, CR – Senya-Beraku, CT
R18
R19Mpataba, WR – Jewi Wharf, WR
R20
R21Atimpoku, ER – Akosombo, ER
R22
R23Jasikan, VR – Worawora, VR
R24Frankadua, VR – Adidome, VR
R25Kadjebi, VR – Apesokubi, VR
R26Have, VR – Borae, VR
R27Nkwanta, WR – Dambai, NR
R28Fume, VR – Sogakope, VR
R29Zabzugu, NR - Salaga, NR
R30Adukrom, WR – Odumase, AS
R31
R32Begoro, ER – Dominase, ER
R33
R34
R35
R36New Edubiase, AS – Saponso, AS
R38Agyenkwaso, AS - Gyadem, AS
R40Accra, GR - Somanya, ER
R42Mamfe, ER – Nkurakan, ER
R43Juansa, AS – Offinso, AS
R44Agogo, AS – Jema, BA
R45Aframso, AS – Sekyedumase, AS
R47Kwadwokrom, BA – Nkoranza, BA
R49Kpandae, NR – Salaga, NR
R50Ho, VR – Dzelukope, VR
R52Kumasi, AS – New Offinso, AS
R54Ohiyeanisa, WR – Drobo, BA
R60Apedwa, ER – Bunso, ER
R61Anyinam, ER – Kade, ER
R62Apam, CR – Kade, ER
R63Tepa, BA – Goase, BA
R64Adaiso, ER – Obogu, AS
R65Mankraso, AS – Tepa, AS
R66Bechem, BA – Akumadan, AS
R68Berekum, BA – Nkawkaw, BA
R70Golokwati, VR – Hohoe, VR
R71Techiman, BA – Buoku, BA
R72Ekyiaenfokrom, ER – New Kyease, ER
R74Surukrom, AS – Kwamedanso, BA
R76Konongo, AS – Atebubu, BA
R80Saltpond, CR – Abura Dunkwa, CR
R81Assin Foso, CR – Insu, WR
R82Cape Coast, CR – Twifo Praso, CR
R83Asubua, CR – Dunkwa, CR
R84Discove, WR – Agona, WR
R85Busuta, WR – Busua, WR
R86Princess Town, WR – Abra, WR
R87Bomfa, AS – Bekwai, AS
R88Esiama, WR – Anibil, WR
R90Tamale, NR – Karaga, NR
R91Nanton, NR – Kunbungu, NR
R92Tamale, NR – Mankarigu, NR
R93Wenchi, BA – Sampa, WR
R94Menji, BA – Banda Nkwanta, NR

Minor regional routes

Minor Regional Routes are the third category of road in the Ghana trunk road network. They serve as feeder roads connecting smaller towns to the national and major regional route network.

List of routes

AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

NumberRoute
R100Atobiase, WR – Nyenase, CR
R101Essamam, WR – Tarkwa, WR
R103Obuasi, AS – Apowa, WR
R104Bekwai, AS – Kumawu, AS
R105Awiankwanta, AS – Adumasa, AS
R106Kumasi, AS – Abono, AS
R107Gushiegu, NR – Pigu, NR
R108Manso Nkwanta, AS – Toase, AS
R109Tamale, NR – Daboya, NR
R110Gushiegu, NR – Nalerigu, NR
R113Naga, UE – Wiagayisoaso, UE
R114Bolgatanga, UE – Feo, UE
R116Wulugu, NR – Navrongo, UE
R121Tarkwa, WR – Akyemfo, WR
R122Samreboi, WR – Asankragwa, WR
R123Bawdie, WR – Enchi, WR
R124Asankragwa, WR – Humjibre, WR
R125Diaso, WR – Juabeso, WR
R126Dadieso, WR – Buako, WR
R127Asawinso, WR – Sefwi Bekwai, WR
R128Hwidiem, BA – Atroni, BA
R129Kramokrom, WR – New Debiso, WR
R131Tumu, UW – Hamile, UW
R132Nadowli, UW – Nandom, UW
R180Yala, UW – Wahabu, UW
R181Sanadema, UE – Fian, UW
R182Walembele, UW – Tumu, UW
R184Hian, UW – Gbal, UW
R201Tatali, NR – Tamale, NR
R202Ketekrachi, VR – Nakpayili, NR
R204Yendi, NR – Chereponi, NR

Signage
N6 route marker
A typical directional sign on a highway in Ghana

Signage on the Ghana network conforms broadly to international norms. All length distances are shown in kilometers, speed is in kilometers per hour, whilst height and width restrictions are shown in meters. Signs may be of an informative, warning or instructional nature. Instructional signs are generally circular, warnings are triangular, and informative signs are rectangular or square. Informative signs, which include directional signs, use white text on a blue background.

References
  1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-05-18. Retrieved 2013-06-14.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2015-03-08.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. http://www.mrh.gov.gh/files/publications/Drivers_Guide.pdf
  4. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-04-18. Retrieved 2010-06-21.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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